Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

GRAMMAR AND PRAGMATICS IN THE DESCRIPTION OF THE USE OF THE ARTICLE IN SPANISH AND ITS REPRESENTATION IN POLISH (Gramatica frente a pragmática en la descripción del uso del articulo en espanol y su representación en polaco)

100%

Jódar R. F.

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2010

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tom 57

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nr 2

109-114

EN

With the present article we try to show that the employing or not employing of the articles can be analyzed not only from a strictly grammatical point of view but also there must be borne in mind factors of pragmatic character. That is to say, by means of the pragmatics some cases in which the rule of use of the articles is not fulfilled, can be re-explained. Also the author compares some cases in Spanish and Polish.

2

THE 'NON-NEGATING' NEGATION IN SCALAR EXCLAMATIONS

100%

Roguska M.

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2007

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tom 49

135-149

EN

In many languages there are sentences that contain a 'non-negating' negation i.e. negation that seemingly not really negates the sentence. In this paper we analyse scalar exclamations, such as 'How many people did you not deceive in your youth'! This exclamation can be uttered in the same context as the corresponding exclamation without negation. The speaker of this exclamation is amazed about the amount of people his addressee deceived. Despite of such behaviour, we assume the negation to be truth-functional and the sentence to denote a set of negated propositions, in accordance with the semantics of Karttunen (1977). We explain the 'non-negating' effect through a reversal of the inference associated with the sentence. Positive exclamation allows downward scalar inference and as such refers to the maximum among positive instances. Negated exclamation allows upward scalar inference and as such refers to the minimum among negative instances. We show that these two kinds of reference are two sides of the same coin. That's why one can express his amazement about some state of affairs both with positive and with negated exclamation. The analysis proceeds at the borderline of pragmatics and semantics.

3

A COGNITIVE ASPECT OF PRAGMATICS

100%

Kwapisz-Osadnik K.

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2009

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tom 30

127-136

EN

The article is an attempt to examine two linguistic trends that is pragmatics and cognitivism, the aim of which is to show complementarity of theses representing these two research directions. Taking as a starting point the phenomenon of cognition the authoress explains its implicit presence in chosen pragmatic theories and she discusses its primary role in cognitive theories.

4

Felix Vodička: Úkoly literární historie a jejich zdroj

88%

Kubíček T.

Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)

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2010

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tom 92

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nr 1-2

85-95

EN

The paper aims to present and interpret the methods of literary history developed by Felix Vodicka, one of the main representatives of Czech structuralism. The paper describes the variables of the paradigm in the field of literary history and the reasons for this metamorphosis. Attention is focused on the most significant notions of the structuralist analysis of the diachrony of structure: aesthetic object, aesthetic norm, esthetic function and aesthetic value, which were traditionally connected with the synchronic point of view of analysis, and which Vodicka strives “to translate” into the language of diachronic analysis.

5

PRAVDIVOST VS. TVRDITELNOST

88%

Punčochář V.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2013

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tom 20

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nr suppl. 1

122 – 143

EN

The aim of this paper is to consider a possibility of understanding assertability as a semantic concept. This leads to a nonstandard view of the relation and borderline between semantics and pragmatics. For the language of classical propositional logic entailment will be defined as a relation that preserves the assertability rather than truth and it will be shown that this enables us to model some linguistic phenomena in an adequate way.

6

Polskie gry honoryfikatywne. Czego nie widać?

88%

Jabłoński A.

Homo Ludens

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2013

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nr 1(5)

83-92

EN

It seems a common conviction that contemporary Polish honorifics are subject to oversimplification. The process is usually recognized in terms of switching from the situation of a choice between the T/V forms to abandoning the choice in favour of plain T forms. Yet, the phenomenon seems more complex. This paper raises the issue of the invisible, though significant consequences of contemporary honorific decisions in Polish.

7

PODOBY SÉMANTIKY A PRAGMATIKY VO FILOZOFII PRÁVA

75%

Neština M.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2013

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tom 20

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nr suppl. 1

105 – 121

EN

This essay deals with the relationship between philosophy of law and philosophy of language. The author closely follows the discussion concerning the determination of the content of the law which has been remarked by current semantics and pragmatics in philosophy of language. According to a view that has considerable currency at present, philosophy of language and linguistics has a direct bearing on the content of the law. The general outlook of this view – the communicative-content theory of law (the communication theory) can be captured in the following way. Legal texts are linguistic texts, so the meaning or content of a legal text is an instance of linguistic meaning generally. It therefore stands to reason that, in order to understand the meaning of an authoritative legal text or utterance, such as a statute or regulation, we should look to our best theories about language and communication.

8

PRAGMATICKÉ ASPEKTY SLOVENČINY CEZ PRIZMU JEJ FRANKOFÓNNEHO POUŽÍVATEĽA

75%

Ráčková L.

Motus in verbo: časopis mladej vedeckej generácie

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2016

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tom 5

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nr 1

29 – 34

EN

The article presents the results of the pre-research of the future thesis Linguistic interference of Slovak and French languages by Francophone speaker with a partial competence in Slovak language from a pragmatic point of view. The pre-research was realised by means of a survey conducted from 04/08/2015 to 03/11/2015. The survey involved questions of sociolinguistic character but also exercises testing grammar of 63 respondents of levels A1, A2, B1 and B2 in Slovak language. The influence of French language on Slovak syntactic constructions was observed particularly in verbal system of Slovak language. That is also why we introduced the term of verbal interference. A negative transfer from French verbal system is found in Slovak sentences produced by Francophone learners. The theory of speech acts is associated to the verb and also the theory of intention of verbal action which are explained in the text.

9

HODNOTY A VYSVĚTLENÍ

75%

Tomeček M.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2013

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tom 20

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nr suppl. 1

196 – 205

EN

The article analyses the terms “value” and “explanation” as used in ethical studies, offers a critique of this usage and an alternative, pragmatically oriented semantics of ethical terms, based on the illocutionary act of judging. The term “value” is supposed to describe a super-predicate common to both ethical and aesthetical value judgments. However, the traditional over-reliance on the copulative predication and the idea that language describes reality lead to a one-sided view of ethical terms, and a construction of sentences like “The intentional torturing of little children is morally wrong”, whose pragmatic function, and consequently meaning, is very unclear. If, on the other hand, we take as our paradigm the act of judging (in the literal sense of a judge presiding over a case) we will be able to sketch a new, lighter ethics which, admittedly, falls short of the traditional demands placed on this discipline, but whose semantics is closer to the actual words used in expressing approval and disapproval.

10

STRUCTURAL REALISM WITHOUT METAPHYSICS: NOTES ON CARNAP’S MEASURED PRAGMATIC STRUCTURAL REALISM

63%

Beni M. D.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2015

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tom 22

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nr 3

302 – 324

EN

Carnap’s re-invention of the Ramsey-sentence approach to scientific theories has been at the centre of a new debate in recent years. Following Grover Maxwell, Psillos (2000a) argued that Carnap’s re-invention of the Ramsey-sentence had failed to lead to the desired neutral stance in the realism-instrumentalism debate, and ended, instead, to a form of structural realism which happened to be liable to Newman’s objection to Russell’s version of structural realism. The objection held that without putting suitable restrictions on the range of the variables of the Ramsey-sentence, a Ramsey-sentence approach to theories renders trivial and a priori true all ontological commitments to unobservable entities issued by scientific theories. By arguing that Carnap achieved the neutral stance, Friedman (2011) counter Psillos claim. He denied that any form of realism could be attributed to Carnap. In this paper, the author provides a middle ground, where an unorthodox form of structural realism could be attributed to Carnap. He highlights parts of Carnap’s work which deal with the problem of designation of abstract terms and the relation of the language to the facts of the matter (in Carnap 1934; 1950; 1966), to argue that it was Carnap’s view about the practical methodological considerations, being at work in the construction (or choice) of the linguistic systems, which led him to the unorthodox form of structural realism. The author claims also that the same practical considerations constitute the nub of a viable Carnapian answer to Newman’s objection.

11

SOME REFLECTIONS ON THE INFORMAL LOGIC INITIATIVE

63%

Johnson R. H.

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2009

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nr 16(29)

17-46

EN

In this paper, I undertake to present clearly just what informal logic ('logika nieformalna') is and how it relates to formal logic, and to logic as such. To do that, I start by explaining how the Informal Logic Initiative (ILI) began in North America in the 70s. That will lead to a discussion of what is meant by 'informal logic' and how it stands related to cognates such as formal logic, critical thinking, and argumentation. In Section 3, I discuss what I take to be basic theses about argumentation that have emerged from the informal logic perspective. In Section 4, I discuss some achievements of informal logic, and in Section 5, I discuss several interesting recent developments and in Section 6, I discuss the possible future developments. I conclude with some remarks on the importance of the Informal Logic Initiative in Section 7.