Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

IMPACT OF A BOOK

100%

Drozdíková J.

Asian and African Studies

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2004

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tom 13

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nr 1

50 - 61

EN

The aim of the study is to identify the areas of scholarship where Professor Edward Said's work 'Orientalism' (1978) has laid foundations for new forms of enquiry or where new approaches are being formulated replacing those seriously undermined by the book. The first category covers the production of what is referred to as 'postcolonial studies', the second deals with the attempts to find an alternative to orientalism.

2

HUMANISM, PHILOLOGY AND IMPERIALISM (Humanizm, filologia i imperializm)

100%

Brennan T.

Porównania

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2009

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tom 6

9-38

EN

The text monitors the reception of Edward Said's 'Orientalism' paying special attention to interpretative shifts which, according to the author, falsify the initial sense and obscure the original context of the work's creation. On the basis of other texts of Said, especially 'The World, the Text and the Critic', the author calls into question the relation of Orientalism with postcolonial studies and, in a wider context, with poststructuralism. He perceives the popularity of Western European poststructural thought at American universities in the late 80s and early 90s as a symptom of a rebirth of an oppressive theoretical empire of the American academic thought. The ideas of postcolonialism combined with superficial American pluralism hackneys the issue of discrimination and intolerance by means of racial and phenomenological confluence of the Other. Said, as a politically engaged researcher, has criticized poststructuralists on a number of occasions, especially Foucault, for diverging from a real interest in imperial discourse to an analysis of the speaking I. The origins of Orientalism are rooted in Vico and Auerbach's thought who, like Said, create models of philological humanism. Its topic is not the discourse but the institution which gathers information. This institution is a university in the service of the empire which plays its role both in the colonial times as well as in the second half of the 20th century.

3

AT THE EDGE OD EUROPE: BALKAN AS A EUROPEAN PERIPHERY

88%

Karásek M.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2012

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tom 60

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nr 5

539 – 555

EN

The goal of this article is to describe and explain the ways how Balkan is constructed and perceived as a meta-geographical and metaphorical concept. The author discusses the flexibility of demarcation of the Balkan borders in the mental maps and the flexibility of the category of the Balkan as well. In this article it is assumed that the relation between “Europe” and “Balkan” is in fact the relation between the power centre and the periphery. Thus Balkan is orientalised and quasi-colonialized by the “Europe” through the mechanisms related to the power discourses, ways of reporting, thinking and perceiving the Balkan. Moreover, the author suggests that the final consequence of such discourses is manifested in the policy of the European institutions towards some Balkan countries. The author ́s argumentation is based on the comparison of orientalist and balkanist discourses and on the reactions to postcolonial studies that come from the Balkan researchers themselves.

4

OD DEJÍN UMENIA K VIZUÁLNEJ KULTÚRE? PRÍKLAD BROOKLYN MUSEUM OF ART V NEW YORKU

88%

Orišková M.

ARS

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2005

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tom 38

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nr 1

42-52

EN

The case study of Brooklyn Museum of Art in New York is an attempt to discuss the issue of multiculturalism in art museums traditionally based on universalistic (Western) aesthetics. The story of Western art which once was central for the museum is now more complicated by the addition of non-Western art/objects. However, one of the biggest American museums - Brooklyn Museum of Art in New York goes beyond the polarities 'high art' vs. 'ethnographic object' showing the hybrid culture as the result of colonialism, migration, slavery, diaspora, conflicts or oppression. The authoress summarizes some important views at relations between art and ethnicity what is one of the main concerns in the museums in multicultural society, presented by Svetlana Alpers, James Clifford or Susan Vogel. Dismantling 'true representations' in the museum opened new issues: the issue of parallelisms and horizontal surveys, both promoted by Homi Bhabha as cultural paradigm during the exhibition 'Circa 1492: Art in the Age of Exploration'. Hybridity, the term used by Annie E. Coombes is articulated as a symptom of what is identified as postcolonial in a sense of the postmodern strategy of bricolage superficially reproducing and celebratory affirming that all are equal. Still, under the cover of celebration (and fast-food like consumption) of differences there is the inequality of access to economic and political power. And only the dominant groups articulate the ways in which such differences are constituted.

5

Rafa regionu. O przemianach pamięci w literaturze pogranicza polsko-białoruskiego

88%

Zawadzka D.

Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze

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2012

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tom 3

157-171

EN

The article is devoted to the interweaving of Polish and Belarussian memory in post-war literature of the Podlasie region and the witness accounts of hybrid identities (ex. "localness", Esperanto). The author briefly outlines the conditions in which the Polish language discourse has functioned within regional memory since the 18th century till the present time. Against this background he analyses the work of bilingual writers: Sokrat Janowicz (b. 1936) and Michał Androsiuk (b. 1959), following the changes of metaphor and form in Belarussian memory in its relation to Polish memory. Polish Belarussians' literary identity discourse assigns highest importance to an archeological language, the sense of being colonised, and the need to find one's own memory; only later does it voice praise of memory as created and of a "nomadic" type of subject identity.

6

NÁBOŽENSTVÍ INDIE V POJETÍ MAXE WEBERA A SOUČASNÁ POSTKOLONIÁLNÍ KRITIKA

88%

Lužný D.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2012

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tom 44

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nr 5

602 – 620

EN

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate historically conditioned context of Weber's analysis of “religion of India”. Weber and his work is part of orientalistic discourse – Weber assumes then Western image of India, and reproduces and incorporates this image into sociological thinking. This text focuses on some elements of this image: caste system as the most important element of Hinduism, confidence to sacred texts and secret sexualism as opposite of noble official religion of intellectual elite. These stereotypes have helped the defence of notion of European exceptionalism, by which other cultures may not develop modern capitalism as the base of modernity.

7

(POST)COLONIAL CITIES OF CENTRAL EUROPE. ((Postkolonialne) miasta Europy Srodkowej)

75%

Lisiak A.

Porównania

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2009

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tom 6

137-148

EN

Former satellite countries of the Soviet Union are perceived as postcolonial cultures, which means that their capitals should also possess postcolonial characteristics. Postcolonial identities of Central European cities remain almost unnoticed. The article aims at filling this gap by showing the particular postcolonial structure of cities such as Berlin, Budapest, Prague and Warsaw. The author defines the (post)colonial city by means of postcolonial and colonial analysis of the features of Central European cities. The presentation of this concept in a historical, cultural and political context allows for a deeper understanding of changes that the identities of Central European cities have been experiencing since 1989.

8

FRANCOPHONE POSTCOLONIALISM FROM EASTERN EUROPE

75%

Rice A.

Porównania

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2009

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tom 6

47-64

EN

This article draws from recent research that makes an argument for studying literature from what David Chioni Moore calls 'the post-Soviet sphere' under the rubric of postcolonial theory. It contends that conceiving of countries formerly under Soviet rule as having some characteristics in common with countries once under French colonial rule can yield productive results. It is quite possible that the concentration in literary studies on relations between the First and Third Worlds has left a void with respect to the Second World, at least with respect to francophone writers. We can begin to fill this void by studying texts in French by writers from places formerly under Soviet domination, and this article examines the fictional and theoretical works of Julia Kristeva, Agota Kristof, Milan Kundera, Andrei Makine and Brina Svit. Their insights are used here to explore the extent to which intellectuals from small Central and Eastern European countries find themselves in a 'postcolonial' position - politically and linguistically - similar to that of francophone scholars and writers from the Maghreb, sub-Saharan Africa or the Antilles.

9

ON THE MARGIN OF POSTCOLONIAL LECTURES IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POLISH AND CZECH LITERATURE (Na marginesie postkolonialnych odczytan polskiej i czeskiej litaratury)

75%

Kardyni-Pelikanova K.

Porównania

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2009

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tom 6

107-120

EN

The authoress ascertains the existence of certain translation problems in reciprocal translation from both literatures. She attempts to situate them in the context of the developing postcolonial research. Although both ethnoses and their literatures have never had any colonial relationships, the consequences of their past paracolonial or colonial addictions have been reflected in both cultures and discourses constituting a source of problems for translators.

10

THE PROVINCE IN THE MOST RECENT POLISH AND GERMAN LITERATURE AND IN THE CONTEMPORARY POLISH AND GERMAN LITERARY CRITICISM (Problem prowincji w literaturze polskiej, niemieckiej i serboluzyckiej)

75%

Kledzik E.

Porównania

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2009

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tom 6

149-164

EN

The article presents an analysis of the topos of the province in Polish and German literature after 1989. In spite of different historical and literary sources, the turning point of the fall of the Berlin wall marks the beginning of the surprising career of this literary figure which, according to the authoress, is connected to the postcolonial profile of the literatures after the breakthrough. The topos of province in literature studies and literary criticism has different functions: as an affirmation and source of national identity (the Polish 'borderland' and German West Prussia) and a test of its anti-community, postmodern character (in Stasiuk and Tokarczuk's works) and a tint of Western German quasi-identity. The proposed model for the understanding of the texts of the region is focused around the person of the narrator and the categories of the (anthropological) point of view.

11

POSTMODERN POSTCOLONIALISM IN SLOVAK LITERATURE (Postkolonializm pod postacia postmodernizmu w litaraturze slowackiej)

75%

Zilka T.

Porównania

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2009

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tom 6

121-135

EN

The term postcolonialism is mainly related to the third world, in literature it refers to topics concerning works which reflect the conditions in the society after the years of oppression, humiliation, underestimation and society remanded at a lower level of development. However, Central Europe that had to suffer under the Russian rule and found itself in (semi) colonial conditions, is usually left out. Slovak and Czech society were exposed to such ideological pressure, that they were deprived of independence and individual freedom of citizens. There was a certain relief in 1968, in the period after so called Prague Spring, but after invasion of the troops of the Warsaw Treaty in August, Czechoslovak society gets into the state of complete dependence on Moscow again. Literature (art) is gradually waking up from lethargy and in a concealed form gives evidence about a colonial condition of spiritual life. Alternative appeal of art was a motive power for changes which happened by means of so called Velvet Revolution in 1989. A new era, that literature gets into after the changes thanks to the Velvet Revolution could justly be called the period of post-colonialism, which means Post-Colonial Period. The paper offers an outline of the specific conditions of the culture in various periods, but mainly of the period of Prague Spring. The changes in literature and art after 1989 are perceived even more expressively (abolition of the censorship, comeback of taboo-authors into literature, publishing of forbidden works, rise of new publishing houses and magazines).

12

THE BORDERLAND IN THE VIEW OF POSTCOLONIAL CRITICISM (Kresy w perspektywie krytyki postkolonialnej)

75%

Dabrowski M.

Porównania

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2008

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tom 5

91-111

EN

The article proposes reading borderland literature with the use of postcolonial criticism. Poland is often called the coloniser who has been colonized. The author should add, that there are two meanings of this statement. Firstly, Poland acted like a coloniser in Eastern Territory (the time of the so-called 1st Republic of Poland and that can be classified as 'normal' behaviour). Secondly, Poland acted this way in the time of Partition, when it was colonized by neighbouring superpowers. This causes a special kind of complications and experiences which are written in literature, personal and historical documents. Applying postcolonial criticism to read borderline literature means: 1. Taking into consideration borderland, local (not only metropolitan) discourses, or in other words, taking into consideration historical and political threads 2. Understanding stereotypes of the Other/the Stranger in a different way. 3. Exposing rhetorical rules and the aims of 'unilanguage'. 4. Taking into consideration (and to understand in a special way) the phenomenon of space, 5. The fantasmatic type of characters and situations in texts, and also: 6. Literary escalation of borderland experience. These theses are shown by means of a short analysis.

13

IDENTITY PROBLEMS. ON THE MARGIN OF 'THE INCREDIBLE SLAVS' (Trudnosci z tozsamoscia. Na marginesie 'Niesamowitej Slowianszczyzny')

75%

Skorczewski D.

Porównania

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2008

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tom 5

127-142

EN

The article presents a discussion with the attempt of matching the postcolonial theory with the history of the Central European nations presented by Maria Janion in 'The Incredible Slavs'. The author warns against an automatic transferring of exotic methodologies onto native literary and culture ground, while accusing the romantic researcher with anachronism: she agrees neither with locating the origins of Slavic complexes in the times of Christianisation of this part of Europe nor with the trauma that results from the separation from the pagan/proto-slavic roots postulated by the author. She also claims that the author of 'The Incredible Slavs' unconsciously succumbs to the empire that imposes victimisation discourse to the colonised because she analyses medieval history of Poland through the prism of romantic literature which is naturally dominated by ressentiment. She also repeats the view that the Foreign and the Imposed identity is the source of all misfortunes. In the opinion of the author the colonial discourse in Said's terms could only be born on the grounds of Renaissance - owing to the notion of national identity consolidated at that time. The evidence - Janion's problems with indicating that prenational identity: at one point these are the proto-Slavic customs - in other contexts - the non-Latin Christian identity. Furthermore, the author raises questions as far as the notion of Slavism itself is concerned, which due to a tribal connotation is characterised on its own as colonial or panslavic (so imperial, Russian).

14

WOMAN'S ISSUES IN CZECH-SLOVAK FILM REFLECTION AFTER 1989 (Kwestie kobiece w czeskiej i slowackiej refleksji filmowej po roku 1989)

75%

Dabert D.

Porównania

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2009

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tom 6

179-195

EN

The text constitutes a recapitulation of the filmographic reflection in the Czech Republic and Slovakia of the so called 'zenska otázka' (women's issue). The feminist and gender thought appeared in public and scientific reflection only after the Velvet Revolution encountering a moderate and uninvolved reaction from the scientific and artistic societies. The women's issue in the Czech and Slovak cinema, which had been till that moment fairly undescribed, represents an early stage of academic feminism. Czech and Slovak women's studies focus on gathering knowledge about history, culture and social and political life of women. The discourse includes the analysis of the picture of women mostly in early cinema, reflection on the category of womanhood, its specificity and changes it has undergone in the historical process. In the mean time, female film directors are playing a greater role in the achievements of the Czech Republic and Slovakia's cinematography. The contemporary women's cinema is a work of art that is visibly distinguishable quantitatively and qualitatively. It is an underexplored field in Czech and Slovak film thought that is characterized by its feministic and gender approach.