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POST-DOG TALES ABOUT HUMAN EXTINCTION

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Sýkora P.

2021

tom 13

nr 1

18 - 30

Clifford D. Simak’s fixup novella City (1952) should be re-read as one of the first pieces of post-humanist science-fiction writing. This article argues that naming the book after the first story, and not after the fourth one, “Desertion”, was misleading because the book is not one of the “urban science-fiction stories”. City rather explores what would happen if people had the opportunity of instantly entering paradise (Nick Bostrom’s “post-human mode of being”), even at the cost of deserting the human body. A further hypothesis suggested here is that John W. Campbell, the founding father of the Golden Age of Science Fiction, initially refused to publish “Desertion” and never published City’s final story, “The Simple Way”, in his iconic Astounding Science Fiction magazine, because the post-humanist character of these stories contradicted his “classical” view of science fiction.

TO OVERTAKE THE REAL WHEN MEDIA ARE EVERYWHERE: ONTOLOGIC INTEREST IN CULTURAL RESEARCH AND MEDIA THEORY (Nastyhnuty realne koly media povsiudy: ontolohichnyi interes u kulturnykh doslidzhenniakh i media teorii)

100%

Kostenko N.

nr 1

3-15

Interrelations of people, technologies and the newest media-systems become more and more problematical, changing usual modus of power and instrumentality and increasing the need in new ontological dimensions discriminative regarding the individual's 'total media environment' and his perception of the real world. Both in cultural researches and in media theory, the reflection is founded on intuitions which have arisen beforehand rather as an alternative anticipation. Today, they are distinctly talked over in the general context of the post-humanism which is revising traditional anthropocentric paradigms and creating new framework for sociological practices. The ontological point of view is represented by B. Latur's 'new positivism', H.U. Gumbrecht's 'post-hermeneutic', and F. Kittler's 'informational materialism'.

FROM “ANDYS” TO “TOASTERS”: HOW HAS POLITICS AFFECTED THE VIEW OF NON-HUMANS IN ”BLADE RUNNER” AND ”BATTLESTAR GALACTICA”?

100%

Lenč J.

2021

tom 13

nr 1

55 - 67

This article focuses on the change in perception of humanoid androids in science fiction from Philip K. Dick’s cult novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?(1968) and its later film adaptations, to the depictions of androids and people in the struggle for survival and immortality in the TV series Battlestar Galactica (2004–2009) and Caprica (2010). Science-fiction novels usually outline the author’s ideas about the near or distant future of the world with which they are confronted on a daily basis. They usually warn readers of a possible apocalypse or present models of an ideal future society to replace the society of today. However, science fiction is written by real people in a specific space and time who often reflect the social tensions and issues of the time they were created. The depictions of humanoid androids, their position in society, and their desire to break free from their undignified or even slavish positions are, in many cases, a reflection of real policies and the position of today’s “others” in mainstream society.

HUMAN, SUPER-HUMAN, ANTI-HUMAN: THE POST-HUMAN DEEP FUTURE IN EVOLUTIONARY SCIENCE FICTION

86%

Pisarski M.

2021

tom 13

nr 1

3 - 17

Post-humanist visions of the future do not venture further ahead than a few hundred or a few thousand years at most. It is within this near future that most scenarios of technological singularity and the enhancement of the human into an H+, or a post-human, are projected. This paper reflects on visions of much more distant futures found in evolutionary speculative fiction and science fiction, from J.B.S. Haldane (1927) through to Adrian Tchaikovsky (2019). From the vantage point of thousands (or millions) of years, the forthcoming era of mind uploading, designer babies, and technological immortality as envisioned in the transhumanist utopias of Hans Moravec amount to short episodes in a long cycle of evolutionary progress matched by planetary catastrophes. Such a perspective offers a more general reflection on the philosophical and cultural implications of a “creative evolution”, the nature of humanity, and humans’ place among other species. The transhumanism agenda, initiated by Julian Huxley in the form of a call to arms for the “betterment of humanity” by existing, emerging, and speculative technologies, does not emerge as a retrograde reinstatement of the compromised ideals of Enlightenment, but rather as the sine qua non for human survival in the face of the heat death of the Sun, the eruption of a super-volcano, and any other existential risk. Human ingenuity, reflected in advanced biotechnology, space travel and technological enhancements turns out to be the only guarantee of life on Earth and beyond it. As such, this comparative study of literary examples of possible courses of human history proves that reflections on the far future are capable of healing current discursive divides between post-humanist and transhumanist, anthropocentric and anti-anthropocentric, and technophobic and technophile approaches to our present.