Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Potential genotoxicity of Fusarium mycotoxins in Vicia and Pisum cytogenetic tests

100%

Packa D.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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1998

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tom 39

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nr 2

171-192

EN

Several fusarial toxins (DAS, DON, FUS-X and MON) were assayed for their genotoxic activity with Vicia faba var. minor and Pisum sativum used as eukaryotic, whole-organism, test systems. Four concentrations: 1, 5, 10 and 20 ?g mL-1 were applied for 24 hours, and three fixing times: 24, 48 and 72 hours after the beginning of the treatment. Nuclei and chromosomes in mitotic cells were stained by the Feulgen method. Generally, fusarial toxins in plant cells produced three types of effects: prevented proliferating cells from entering mitosis, caused mitotic alterations and were cytotoxic. Mitotic alterations included C-mitoses, a higher incidence of metaphases/anaphases, excessive condensation of chromosomes, multipolar spindles, disturbed anatelophases and micronuclei. Both type and range of each effect were related to plant species, toxin concentration and duration of the recovery period. The results obtained from our plant bioassays were compared with those reported from other assay systems.

2

The TDP method of seed yield component analysis in grain legume breeding

86%

Golaszewski J. , Idzkowska M. , Milewska J.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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1998

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tom 39

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nr 4

299-308

EN

The results of plant breeding trials with populations of fodder pea strains and broad bean hybrids were the basis of consideration on the interrelationship between some traits - the yield structure elements. Developed by Eaton, a relatively new method of yield component analysis called the two-dimensional partitioning method (TDP) was applied to analyse the data. The method, which combines multiple regression and ANOVA, allows for concise tabular presentation and simple interpretation of the distribution of traits in one direction and the sources of variance according to ANOVA model in the other direction. Additionally, the interpretation of the results was supported by such standard statistical techniques as ANOVA, simple and multiple regression and path analysis. The main components of pea yielding were plant height and the number of pods per plant. Among the analysed characters of broad bean the number of nodes with pods on the main stem, which turned out to be the determinant of broad bean yielding, might be strongly affected by environmental conditions. The number of nodes with pods might be considered a selecting character of high potential yielding of broad bean genotypes.

3

Fertility improvement in pea (Pisum sativum L.) autotetraploids - mutation breeding

86%

Kumar H. , Mercykuty V. C. , Srivastava C. P.

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nr 1

43-48

EN

C2 seeds of autotetraploids (colchicine-induced) of two diverse genotypes, T 163 and 5064-S, of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and their corresponding diploids were irradiated with 10 kR gamma-ray.Autotetraploids showed high seed-sterility as compared to diploids.Seed fertility increased in M2 as compared to M1.Both quadrivalent and bivalent frequancies desreased in the M1 generation of autotetraploids in relation to their respective controls.However, a positive shift in the mean bivalent formation was noted at the cost of other configurations in C3-M2 with respect to C2-M1 and varied with the genotype.In the M2 generation of autotetraploic, the variability was relatively higher for the number of pods per plnt and seed yield per plant.Although the mean values for pods per plant, number of seeds per plant and seed yield per plant remained more or less parallel in autotetraloids in M1 and M2 generations, there was an increase in the upper range limit probably due to micromutation for these characters in M2.

4

Isozyme and RAPD markers for the identification of pea, field bean and lupin cultivars

86%

Wolko B. , Swiecicki W. K. , Kruszka K. , Irzykowska L.

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nr 3

151-165

EN

The limited gene pool used in breeding decreases the level of genetic diversity in legume cultivars. Morphological or physiological characters are not always sufficient for quick, easy and precise cultivar description. Isozyme variability of 33 commercial Polish pea cultivars was analysed. The level of allozyme polymorphism discovered was high enough for the identification of all cultivars within two groups: white flowering peas for human consumption and colored flowering peas for fodder. The range of RAPD marker polymorphism among three lupin crops (white lupin, narrow-leafed lupin and yellow lupin) was tested. It was possible to identify each of four white lupin cultivars by means of bands generated by two primers. Seven narrow-leafed lupin cultivars were distinguished using three other primers. Testing of RAPD marker polymorphism, supplemented in some cases with observations of seed coat color genes, allowed to identify all 12 yellow lupin cultivars. Thirteen field bean cultivars were tested by isozyme variability and RAPD polymorphism observations. Among 15 enzyme systems investigated, 10 showed a high level of inter- and intracultivar polymorphism but the range of allozyme variability discovered was useless for cultivar identification. All cultivars analysed could be distinguished by a combination of RAPD markers amplified using two primers.

5

Interval mapping of QTLs controlling yield-related traits and seed protein content in Pisum sativum

86%

Irzykowska L. , Wolko B.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2004

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tom 45

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nr 3

297- 306

EN

A linkage map of garden pea was constructed on the basis of 114 plants (F2 generation) derived from a cross combination Wt10245 ? Wt11238. The map, consisting of 204 morphological, isozyme, AFLP, ISSR, STS, CAPS and RAPD markers, was used for interval mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling seed number, pod number, 1000-seed weight, 1000-yield, and seed protein content. Characterization of each QTL included identification of QTL position with reference to the flanking markers, estimation of the part of variance explained by this QTL, and determination of its gene action. The yield-related traits were measured in F2 plants and in F4 recombinant inbred lines (RILs). The interval mapping revealed two to six QTLs per trait, demonstrating linkage to seven pea chromosomes. A total of 37 detected QTLs accounted for 9.1-55.9% of the trait's phenotypic variation and showed different types of gene action. As many as eight and ten QTLs influencing the analysed traits were mapped in linkage groups III and V, respectively, indicating an important role of these regions of the pea genome in the control of yield and seed protein content.

6

Variety discrimination in pea (Pisum sativum L.) by molecular, biochemical and morphological markers

72%

Smykal P. , Horacek J. , Dostalova R. , Hybl M.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2008

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tom 49

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nr 2

155-166

EN

The distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) requirements involve expensive, space- and time-consuming measurements of morphological traits. Moreover, for a majority of traits, interactions between genotype and environment complicate the evaluation. Molecular markers have a potential to facilitate this procedure, increase the reliability of decisions, and substantially save the time and space needed for experiments. We chose 25 varieties of pea (Pisum sativum L.) from the list of recommended varieties for cultivation in the Czech Republic, and made both a standard classification by 12 morphological descriptors and a classification by biochemical-molecular markers. Two isozyme systems, 10 microsatellite loci, 2 retrotransposons for multilocus inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP), and 12 retrotransposon-based insertion polymorphism (RBIP) DNA markers were analysed. The main objective of the study was to examine the potential of each method for discrimination between pea varieties. The results demonstrate a high potential and resolving power of DNA-based methods. Superior in terms of high information content and discrimination power were SSR markers, owing to high allelic variation, which was the only biochemical-molecular method allowing clear identification of all varieties. Retrotransposon markers in RBIP format proved to be the most robust and easy to score method, while multilocus IRAP produced informative fingerprint already in a single analysis. Isozyme analysis offered a fast and less expensive alternative. The results showed that molecular identification could be used to assess distinctness and complement morphological assessment, especially in cases where the time frame plays an important role. Currently developed pea marker systems might serve also for germplasm management and genetic diversity studies.