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VÝSLEDKY RÁDIOKARBÓNOVÉHO DATOVANIA UHLÍKOV ZO STARÝCH VÝSKUMOV V KOŠICIACH-BARCI I A KOŠICIACH-BARCI II

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Kaminská Ľ. , Chu W. , Verpoorte A.

Študijné zvesti

2024

tom 71

nr 1

1 – 15

Pits and other associated features found at sites along Hornád Valley of Eastern Slovakia have been put forth as examples of early settlement features associated with the early Upper Palaeolithic in Europe. To verify this, we radiocarbon dated charcoal samples from pits found at Košice-Barca I and Košice-Barca II that were recovered during the 1951 – 1954 excavations of F. Prošek. From the Košice-Barca I site, charcoals from Pit 1 with an associated Mesolithic industry were dated. The measured age of 8536 – 8389 cal BP corresponded to the presumed age of the lithic industry assigned to the Atlantic period. From the Košice-Barca II site, charcoal samples from three parts of Palaeolithic Pit 7 (complex II), in which the Bronze Age cremation graves of the Piliny culture were embedded, were dated. The dating results yielded ages for the graves of the Piliny culture (3450 – 3354 cal BP). A charcoal from Pit 7 was additionally dated to the Mesolithic (8600 – 8449 cal BP) and part to the Late Iron Age (2295 – 2000 cal BP). The charcoal from Pit 10 was dated to the Late Palaeolithic 11 465 ±45 BP. There is no evidence for occupation of Košice-Barca II in the periods mentioned above. We conclude that the early Upper Palaeolithic nature of these features is unverified and that the charcoals embedded within them stem from either later occupations or environmental fires.

POHREBISKO OTOMANSKEJ KULTÚRY V SENI

100%

Horváthová E.

Študijné zvesti

2011

nr 49

115 - 141

The rescue archaeological excavation in Seňa (district Košice-environs) was prompted by a gas pipeline construction for the industrial park Kechnec, which intersected the cadastre of villages Belža, Seňa and Kechnec in the length of 2,950 m. The site most threatened by the pipeline was the eastern part of the position Vyšný lán in Seňa cadastre with a confirmed polycultural settlement dated to the Eneolithic, the Early and Middle Bronze Age, and the Roman Period. An Otomani culture cemetery was founded here in the Early Bronze Age. Later, in the Middle Bronze Age, the area was settled by people of the Piliny culture. We have examined sixteen sepulchral pits from Otomani culture, two of which were empty, three robbed and another three were situated in a superposition with Piliny culture pits. The so-called inhumation burial rite was confirmed on the cemetery. The dead had been laid in the grave in contracted position, either on the left or right side (depending on the sex). The position of sepulchral pits in pit II confirms that they were arranged in rows or smaller groups. The pits were dug in north-south and northeast-southwest direction. They had more or less rectangular shape and rounded corners, the walls were perpendicular, oblique, and in one case step-shaped above the bottom. The bottom was flat, sometimes slightly lower in the middle. While excavating some of the pits, regular grey earth stripes could be recognized along the longer sides, which are thought to be remains of wooden lining. Burial equipment consisted mostly of pottery (one to four vessels). The most numerous were jugs, less common were dishes, and there was only one cylindrical vessel. Also smaller objects made of bronze and faience were included. The preserved grave finds can be preliminarily dated to the classical phase of Otomani culture – BA 3 level. To some extent they can be synchronized with the youngest burial phase on the cemetery in Nižná Myšľa in the position Várhegy II.