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NATURA FLUENS: TIME AND NATURE IN AVICENNA’S THE PHYSICS OF HEALING

100%

Isik M. K.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

2023

tom 78

nr 10

834 – 847

This work concerns Avicenna’s account of nature, mainly as it engages with Aristotle’s Physics. By discussing two accounts of nature, particularly their treatment of motion and rest, I wish to highlight Avicenna’s addendum to Aristotle’s account of nature. Integral to my argument shall be Avicenna’s emphasis on the necessity of understanding components of nature in temporal terms. Incorporating his idea of the “flowing now” into nature, Avicenna’s physics, I suggest, constantly emphasizes the place of temporality operative in natural occurrences. In doing so, he does not simply incorporate time into his account of nature but sees temporality as the necessary ground of the natural. Constantly asserting the temporal nature of motion and rest, he affirms the happening and event-based character of nature and highlights the becoming operative in it. He presents an account of nature qua natura fluens, or “flowing nature.”

THERE IS A QUESTION OF PHYSICALISM

100%

Dahan O.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

2019

tom 26

nr 4

542 - 571

The most common catchphrase of physicalism is: “everything is physical”. According to Hempel’s Dilemma, however, physicalism is an ill-formed thesis because it can offer no account of the physics to which it refers: current physics will definitely be revised in the future, and we do not yet know the nature of future physics. The dilemma arises due to our difficulty to set the boundaries of the concept ‘physical.’ In order to confront the dilemma, a physicalist must ensure that physics is not going to broaden itself artificially (or in some trivial way) to become complete—perhaps by adding non-reductive mental entities to elementary physical theory, making it impossible to distinguish physicalism from dualism. I offer a solution to the dilemma which is a version of the ‘via negativa’ (standardly taken to be a stipulation that the physical not include the mental), albeit one that is specified and worked out in a distinctive way. My suggested formulation of the physicalist hypothesis allows us to establish a refutation condition of physicalism. The refutation condition is general and not only dualistic. Consequently, the physicalist can choose the second horn of the dilemma, and hold that physicalism is indeed refutable (and not a trivial thesis).

OD ČASTÍC K POLIAM: ONTOLOGICKÉ OTÁZKY FYZIKY

86%

Maco R.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

2020

tom 75

nr 6

431 – 445

The question of ultimate constituents of the physical universe was one of the first questions at the dawn of the Western tradition of philosophy. At present, the most successful answers to this question are offered by the fundamental theories of elementary particle physics, which are formulated within the broader conceptual and mathematical apparatus of quantum field theory. The aim of this paper is to explain in an accessible manner the fundamental changes brought about by the transition from particle to field understanding of the universe in contemporary physics. The brief account of Newton’s ontological view of the world serves both as an introduction and as a background to what follows. The paper also intends to address and encourage philosophers interested in ontological problems to study the latest physical theories despite their mathematical complexity and apparent inaccessibility.

SVOJBYTNOSŤ SVETA. FILOPONOVA KRITIKA ARISTOTELOVEJ KOZMOLÓGIE

86%

Mitterpach K.

2017

tom 10

nr 1

55 - 65

Philoponus’ critical commentary on Aristotle’s treatise on nature considers the idea of eternal world seminal not only in Aristotle’s explanation of nature, but also in ancient Greek philosophical thought. The study opens the problem of the motivation in and nature of Aristotle’s treatises themselves. It shows that Philoponus, despite his attempts to stay very precise and detailed in reading Aristotle’s text, misses the whole question of the nature of the treatise, even though his critique is not motivated primarily theologically. We believe that to declare the very self-being of the world points to the very own subject of Aristotle’s Physics and the significance of setting the heavens apart in its own-being. Finally, we test this frame of thinking as a source of possible answers to some of Philoponus’ most noted critical reservations against Aristotle’s conception.

FYZIKA A NATURALISTICKÁ FILOZOFIA: FYZIKÁLNE A FILOZOFICKÉ ASPEKTY KALIBRAČNÉHO PRINCÍPU

86%

Maco R.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

2022

tom 77

nr 9

694 – 710

In the introductory part of the paper, we outline the position of the philosophy of physics in the context of naturalistic theoretical philosophy. The main message here is an appeal for understanding philosophy as an integral part of the scientific investigation of the world. In the following sections, we identify three central aspects of contemporary fundamental physics, knowledge of which is essential for philosophical reflection on physics. This is followed by an explanation of one of these aspects, which is the gauge principle. Based on classical electrodynamics, we explain with the help of a relatively modest mathematical apparatus the key idea of gauge symmetry, as it appears in the core theories of the standard model of elementary particles. In the final part, we point out the philosophical relevance of the gauge principle, especially within the current debates between substance- and structure-oriented philosophies of physics.