Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Česká příjmí typu Kobrle, Šebrle z německých hypokoristik na -rle

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Rožmberský P.

Acta onomastica

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2010

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tom 51

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nr 2

542-546

EN

Czech Bynames Type Kobrle, Šebrle Derived from German Hypocorisms with - rle Suffix During investigation of the oldest registers of the Pilsner region originating in the 17th and 18th century, larger amount of hypocorisms with -rle suffix has been found. As far as the male bynames are concerned, ascertained cases are besides several exceptions very similar to those examples mentioned in literature. Larger amount of hypocorisms with -rle suffix of female names has been found as well. These cases are not mentioned in any available publication. Majority of cases researched was derived from names Barbora and Katerina – Babrle and Katrle, only once hypocorisms of names Eva (Evrle) and Anna, Anca (Anrle) have been noticed.

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Text, trhlina, zkamenělina: k jednomu hrabalovskému motivu

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Fulka J.

Česká literatura (Czech Literature)

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2010

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tom 58

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nr 6

758-767

EN

This article is based on a Hrabal motif from the introduction of his novel Vita nuova (1986), diagonal reading. Unlike most interpretations I argue that this concept need not be bound merely to the motif of the fluency of the text and the absence of punctuation, but also to the motif of the halting of the reading process, which I shall provisionally call a ‘gap’. Comparing Hrabal’s text with passages from Barthes’s Le plaisir du texte (1973), I endeavour to demonstrate that Hrabal has formulated a paradoxical experiment, probably unique in modern literature: he demands inattentive reading whereas the modern experimental novel demands attentive reading. (Barthes links inattentive reading with the classical narrative, which he terms the ‘lisible’, readerly). In short, the uniqueness of this experiment consists in Hrabal’s actually writing, as he stated, something that he assumed the reader would not read.

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Specifika literárních toponym

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Dvořáková Ž.

Acta onomastica

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2010

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tom 51

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nr 2

453-465

EN

Specific Aspects of Literary Anthroponyms There is not a general agreement which kind of names should be considered to be “literary names”. According to my opinion ALL names in literary work are literary. However, not only proper names are able to identify character, in some cases (depending on the context of the whole story) some appellatives can be interpreted in the same way as proper names. Names create special structure in the text. Recognizing of this structure is a part of reader’s activity during the process of reading. Names can give us information about time and location of the story. We can confront names in literary work with real onomastic system. Literary names can be authentic (calling real historical persons or places), realistic (names existing in real system) and fictive (created by the author). The knowledge of the character is very important for our understanding of names. There are different ways of calling literary persons, animals, living machines or creatures. The last part of my paper is focused on literary names in communication. I distinguish three kinds of communication: inside the text (using names between characters, calling etc.), inter-text (associations with character from another text who have the same name) and social (names from well-known literary works and their using as parts of general culture knowledge).

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Ždánidla

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Dvořáková Ž.

Acta onomastica

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2010

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tom 51

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nr 2

466-469

EN

The Interpretation of the Oronym Ždánidla Ždánidla is a name of a peak in Šumava Mountains. Etymology of this name is not clear. Toponyms such as Day, Ždánice or Ždánov are derived from anthroponym Ždán. However, we do not interpret Ždánidla as a name connected with this anthroponym. According to our opinion Ždánidla could be related to old Czech verb ždáti “wait”, “expect”. Czech name Ždánidla could be also created according to the German name of this peak, i. e. Steindlberg.

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Česká teorie literární onomastiky

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Dvořáková Ž.

Acta onomastica

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2010

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tom 51

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nr 2

447-452

EN

Czech Theory of Literary Onomastics Literary onomastics is relatively young discipline of research. We can find few articles about literary names in 1950’s. However, literary names have been studying systematically since 1970 in our country. Especially analysis of concrete literary work and work of one author were in a centre of interest in the first period of research. They were focused on language structure of names, choosing or creating names, their aesthetic function etc. The first Czech theoretical article about names in literature was written by K. Hausenblas in 1976. In the second period of research (in 1980’s) many material studies were published. Especially literary anthroponyms were analyzed. Problems of translation of names were discussed as well. Theoretical studies of this period were concentrated on functions and social aspects of literary names (e. g. M. Knappová, M. Majtán). In 1990 the first conference about literary onomastics took place in Prešov (Slovakia). Since 1990’s literary onomastics has been also occupying by literary toponyms or zoonyms. Many diploma theses were written about names in literature. However, there were felt a lack of theoretical and methodological background (R. Šrámek). Important studies were published during last years (D. Hodrová, L. Jungmannová). In 2008 the second conference about literary onomastics was organized in Hradec Králové.

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Sufixy -čka a -ačka v pomístních jménech v Čechách

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Štěpán P.

Acta onomastica

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2010

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tom 51

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nr 2

556-572

EN

The Suffixes -cka and -acka in Bohemian Minor Place Names The article provides an analysis of the lexical units derived using the suffixes -cka and -acka that occur in the minor place names from the territory of Bohemia. The analysed deverbative lexical units are most frequently formed using the suffix -cka, which is attached to the infinitive verbal stem. The suffix -acka is usually attached to nominal (both substantive and adjective) bases. The formations from appellative (both substantive and adjective) bases are less frequent in minor place names than the formations from proper names (both anthroponyms and toponyms). The geolinguistic view has shown that the minor place names including the lexical units formed by the suffix -acka from nominal bases are geographically marked: their occurrence is limited to the eastern half of Bohemia.

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Přezdívky v hokejových oddílech z pohledu komunikačního a slovotvorného

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Vašková L.

Acta onomastica

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2010

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tom 51

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nr 2

591-596

EN

Nicknames of Ice-Hockey Teams’ Members from the Communication and Word-Formation Point of View The problems of nicknames are usually seen just from the point of view of motivation. This thesis deals with classification of nicknames according to their type and it deals with their resulting analysis, too. The nicknames of 15 ice-hockey clubs are used as a source material for that analysis.

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K vývoji pomístních jmen na Opavsku od druhé světové války

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Balhar J.

Acta onomastica

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2010

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tom 51

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nr 1

305-313

EN

On the Development of Anoikonyms (Minor Place Names) in Opava Region since World War II The paper deals with the development of anoikonyms in four villages in the Opava region following the expulsion of citizens of German nationality, after land consolidation in individual four co-operative farms and then after the integration of these originally independent farms into one great agricultural unit. Special attention is paid to the usage of the anoikonyms at present, when large (up to one hundred hectares) tracts of land were formed and when only a fragment of the former number of people works in agriculture. These are mainly tractor drivers, servismen, leading organization workers. The number of people who need the anoikonyms in their communication is therefore very limited. Among others, the author answers the question which names are given to the new pieces of land by the remaining private farmers. Special attention is paid to the names of forests and meadows. Also the question is dealt with how the new anoikonyms preserve the phonologic and morphologic character of local dialects. The author comes to the conclusion that at present, only a negligible number of old tract names is being used and that the new anoikonyms are formed according to one model: the two-word prepositional names using both the personal names indicating farmhouses of the respective persons, and the important orientation points.

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Jilm v pomístních jménech na Moravě a ve Slezsku

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Hlubinková Z.

Acta onomastica

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2010

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tom 51

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nr 1

181-188

EN

The Elmtree in Moravian and Silesian Anoikonyms – Minor Place Names The item focuses on appearance of names of the elmtree in Moravan and Silesian anoikonyms. Next to the anoikonyms coming from the noun jilm (e.g. Jilmík, Jilmová), also the names coming from original Slavic names of this tree were recorded: vaz (e. g. Vazová) and břest (e. g. Břestek, Břístí). The anoikonyms coming from the noun břest seem to be typical for Moravia and Silesia (see the maps No. 1–3).

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Znalost pomístních jmen v Rosicích

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Ireinová M.

Acta onomastica

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2010

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tom 51

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nr 1

247-268

EN

Knowledge of Anoikonyms (Minor Place Names) in Rosice Within an extensive research of anoikonyms in Moravia and Silesia, the anoikonyms from Rosice were collected. The article presents results of investigation carried on among 17 representatives of all generations of the residents of Rosice in the autumn of 2009. The aim was to ascertain whether the anoikonyms recorded in 1965 are still (in 2009) known and actively used. The representatives of the oldest generation acknowledged the familiarity of the largest number of anoikonyms, whereas the representatives of the youngest generation knew only a few of them (in some cases they use a certain anoikonym for a different object than in 1965, see e. g. anoikonyms Rocochác, Štepnice, U Svaté Trojice).

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Some remarks on cultural connotations of urbanonyms and idiomacity in a contrastive perspective

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Szerszunowicz J.

Acta onomastica

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2010

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tom 51

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nr 2

547-555

EN

Some remarks on cultural connotations of urbanonyms and idiomacity in a contrastive perspective Urbanonyms, such as street names, square names and names of other places in the city, can carry cultural connotations, which is of great importance in a contrastive perspective. Some urbanonyms have connotations of universal character, while the connotations of others are of national or local character. The typology of cross-linguistic equivalents of urbanonyms carrying cultural connotations is presented and discussed. The knowledge of connotations of proper names including urbonyms is part of being bilingual and bicultural. The connotative potential of urbanonyms requires a proper lexicographic description which is vital in foreign lanaguge teaching and translation.

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Changes in urbanonymy of northeastern Poland in the context of statehood transformation

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Abramowicz Z. , Dacewicz L.

Acta onomastica

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2010

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tom 51

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nr 2

417-428

EN

Changes in urbanonymy of north-eastern Poland in the context of statehood transformation Urban place names are a chronicle of the history of a given territory and its inhabitans. They are evidence of crucial changes ocurring over a long period of time, especially in the borderland area, to which the region of Mazury, a part of the north-eastern Poland, belongs. Over years the region was the territory of contention between Poland and Prussia, during the Second World War it was under German occupation, since 1945 it was within the borders of PRL (the Polish People`s Republic), in the sphere of Russian influences. In 1989 the period of independence and statehood transformations began. In each period the mechanisms of giving new names to town objects and of changing the existent ones were similar. They reflected the culture of the nation, important events, historical figures, ideas and values in a given historical period. Giving names commemorating various, often controversial figures of political life such as generals and political leaders, was closely connected with the current policy of the state authorities, for instance Hinderburg Strase was changed for Armii Czerwonej (the Red Army), in free Poland since 1989 the street has been named Armii Krajowej (the Home Army; Polish under groun military organization during the Second World War).

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Rukopis královédvorský a ohlas Písně o Nibelunzích

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Krejčová I.

Česká literatura (Czech Literature)

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2010

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tom 58

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nr 4

425-444

EN

The article is concerned with echoes of the Nibelungenlied (The Song of the Nibelungs) in the context of the literature of the Czech National Revival, particularly in the Rukopis královédvorský. It turns out that the literary-historical assessment of the Nibelungenlied changed in connection with firm position of the manuscript forgeries in the culture of the Czech National revival, from uncritical acceptance of the Nibelungenlied model to attempts to rate it above the Manuscripts as a document of the highly developed culture of the early Czechs. The debates comparing two pillars of German and Czech literature were incorporated, through a modified understanding of Herder’s conception of the Slavs and Tacitus’ conception of the Teutons, in a primarily oppositional distinction between Slav literary imagery and a Teutonic literary representation of the world. Similarities can, however, be found at the core of the problem. In addition to analogical debates about the origins of the two works and their authorship, in spite of the inclusion of both works in supranational cultures (Slav versus Germanic), different conceptions (Czech versus German) of the literary foreshadowing of the make-up of the romantic literary self could take shape against the background of a comparison of the two documents. On the basis of the example of the revivalist interpretation of the two poetic works, the article demonstrates that both types of hero, though originating from the desire for an unattainable ideal, but at the level of motives, aims, and objectives, they represent two different literary approaches. In the revivalist essays, shared literary features (from similar to antithetical) were interpreted on the basis of the aesthetic approaches of, for example, František Palacký (1798–1876), Jan Erazim Vocel (1803–1871), and Václav Bolemír Nebeský (1818–1882), apparently critical of German romantic literary theories, for example, those of the Schlegels.

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Světový názor a interpretační komunita v literární vědě – několik poznámek

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Borovička L.

Česká literatura (Czech Literature)

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2010

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tom 58

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nr 4

475-490

EN

This article outlines an approach to a literary text, which enables one, by means of the terms Weltanschauung (world view) and interpretation community, to interpret the symbol system of a work and to put it into the historical context of its period. In the first part, the author compares the definitions of Weltanschauung and Weltbild in the German philosophical tradition, in which one observes the beginning of the conceptualization of the relationship between the individual and observation of the world. The second part of the article is a comparison of the ideological interpretation of the literary text, typical of Marx-Leninism, and of the kind of interpretation that does not start from an already agreed standpoint, but seeks instead to describe the Weltanschauung structure of the concept under observation. A productive definition of ‘world view’ was offered by the Center Leo Apostel, Brussels, which institutionalized this sort of research on a broad interdisciplinary basis. The article concludes with several remarks on the means by which an author’s Weltanschauung appears to us when reading his or her work, and also on the dynamics of the Weltanschauung in connection with historical change.

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Funkčný člen rodné meno v živých osobných menách v Papradi

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Kazík M.

Acta onomastica

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2010

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tom 51

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nr 2

504-514

EN

Functional Element First Name in Living Personal Names in Paprad The article analyses one of the functional members of unofficial personal names in the Stará Turá Kopanica part Paprad. The first (Christian) names functional members are the most representative among living names and this in all three classes: married man, married women, single persons. Most frequent are the hypocoristic forms (see their suffixes), there exist official, dialectical and foreign language forms. First names are in the form of nominative singular, names with a kinship motivation use forms of genitive, locative, accusative singular and nominative of possessive adjectives. First names as functional members can stand independently in living names, but most often they link with other functional members.

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Sergej Machonin čte Hostinec Juliana Stryjkowského

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Poslední P.

Česká literatura (Czech Literature)

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2010

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tom 58

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nr 4

528-535

EN

This contribution discusses ‘reviews with excerpts’, a popular means by which the periodical Světová literatura (World Literature) reported on non-Czech writing in the 1960s. Using one particular review with excerpts, written by Sergej Machonin (1918–1995), of the Polish writer Julian Stryjkowski’s Austeria (The Inn, 1966), the author demonstrates Machonin’s interpretation of this novel, which is determined by his coming from a certain generation, culture, and political situation.

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Dopisy čtenářů Františku Hrubínovi (na základě jeho pozůstalosti)

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Málková I.

Česká literatura (Czech Literature)

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2010

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tom 58

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nr 4

518-528

EN

The article describes in outline one part of the Papers of František Hrubin (1910–1971), which are deposited in the Archives of the Museum of Czech literature – namely, that related to his correspondence and his readers. It then considers letters that express the role of Hrubín’s works in non-literary life (during the war), his readers’ attitudes to his works (in the 1930s, 1940s, and 1960s), and the demands on the poet and his work (1950s). It concludes by presenting responses linked with Hrubín’s speeches at the Second Congress of Czechoslovak Writers.

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Modelové poňatie pragmatoným

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Garančovská L.

Acta onomastica

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2010

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tom 51

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nr 2

470-496

EN

Model Concept of Pragmatonyms Pragmatonyms represent a not much investigated field of onomastics, which dis-poses of plenty of stimuli for scholarly research not only in the field of onomastics. We focused our attention to the formation of extra-linguistic (motivation models) fea-tures of pragmatonyms in dairy industry. One of the most frequent motivation models (regardless of whether it holds the function of a dominant or minor attribute) is the motivation model C (attribute, chara-cteristic feature), within the scope of which we are able to distinguish following de-nomination motives: inherent (composition of the product, its shape, its size, taste /flavour/, quantity, packing, colour, texture, quality) and/or adherent features (identifi-cation of the product, its purpose, consumer character, healthy diet, fitness of the surroundings which the products come from, or traditional mode of production). Further, the motivation model B is present. It designates directly the specific type of product. Motivation model A is also relatively frequent. Geographical adherence to the respective producer, either direct or indirect (symbolic) constitutes a denominative motivation. Motivation model D that indicates possessive relation is less frequent. Proper na-mes (anthroponyms, literary proper names and logonyms) and to a lesser extent the appellatives usually manifest possession. The analysed onymic corpus shows that it is impossible to establish clear motiva-tion of certain pragmatonyms. Therefore, motivation model X is to be taken into consideration. It covers pragmatonyms with equivocal motivation sign.

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Soupis pomístních jmen na Moravě a ve Slezsku, jejich druhové znaky, příprava a koncepce lexikografického zpracování (v letech 1964-1993)

88%

Šrámek R.

Acta onomastica

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2010

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tom 51

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nr 1

10-46

EN

Collection of Moravian and Silesian Anoikonyms – Minor Place Names, Characteristics of Anoikonymic Categories, Preparation and Concept of Lexicographic Processing (in 1964–1993) In the early sixties, a unique project (both from the organizational and scope perspectives) was started based on the decision of the Topographic Board acting under the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences – all minor place-names from across the whole Czech language-speaking territory were to be collected. For Moravia and Silesia regions, the project was executed by the Czech Language Institute of the Academy of Sciences (Brno). Surveys and interviews were run in all municipalities with the historically proven Czech origin. The lists of minor place-names from 96 % of all municipalities, i.e. 225,000 records, were acquired. Typology approach was used to explain the available records in 34,000 dictionary entries. The project concept was based on the unified theoretical and methodological approach. The essay starts with the explanation of the project idea and related logistical provisions. Then, a general definition of the ‘minor place-name’ concept is given followed by the terminology used, by the description of the categorization and classification-related problems, and by the overview of previous researches done namely by the historians. In the next sections, the methodology of minor place-names collecting and processing (i.e. compiling alphabetical, local, object-based, retrograde catalogues), creation of dictionary entries, their types and structures, as well as that of the explanation of the minor place-names is provided. Structure-type classification of the minor place names is described. This project gave a birth to many studies in the area of the general theory of onomastics (e.g. model analysis, proprial naming act, proprial areals, etc.). Some pieces of knowledge were formulated in these studies for the first time.

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Doplněk k „Třídění pomístních jmen“ Vladimíra Šmilauera

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Olivová-Nezbedová L.

Acta onomastica

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2010

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tom 51

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nr 2

515-516

EN

The Supplement to „Classification of Anoikonyms“ by Vladimír Šmilauer The anoikonyms in Bohemia originated quite often from the Czech exonyms. While processing the Czech minor place names the semantic „Classification of anoikonyms“ by Vladimír Šmilauer (published in 1960 and with some supplements in 1973 again) is used, but they are not singled out independently. In the time of finishing this „Classification...“ the term „exonym“ was not known and used in Czech. Therefore it is necessary to include into Šmilauer’s „Classification...“ as an independent subsection of section 94 Czech minor place names, with eventual further dissections 941 for biblical geographical names, 942 for names linked with war events, and 943 for other Czech exonyms.