At present there are many reasons for seeking new methods and technologies that aim to develop new and more perfect sensors for different chemical compounds. However, the main reasons are safety ensuring and health care. In the paper, recent advances in the human breath analysis by the use of different techniques are presented. We have selected non-invasive ones ensuring detection of pathogenic changes at a molecular level. The presence of certain molecules in the human breath is used as an indicator of a specific disease. Thus, the analysis of the human breath is very useful for health monitoring. We have shown some examples of diseases' biomarkers and various methods capable of detecting them. Described methods have been divided into non-optical and optical methods. The former ones are the following: gas chromatography, flame ionization detection, mass spectrometry, ion mobility spectrometry, proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry, selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry. In recent twenty years, the optical methods have become more popular, especially the laser techniques. They have a great potential for detection and monitoring of the components in the gas phase. These methods are characterized by high sensitivity and good selectivity. The spectroscopic sensors provide the opportunity to detect specific gases and to measure their concentration either in a sampling place or a remote one. Multipass spectroscopy, cavity ring-down spectroscopy, and photo-acoustic spectroscopy were characterised in the paper as well.
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Artykuł opisuje projekt oraz implementację wskaźników CDI (Course Deviation Indicator) realizowaną w trakcie projektu EGALITE. Opracowane oprogramowanie posłużyło do integracji wskaźników z symulatorami lotniczymi klasy FNTP II będącymi na wyposażeniu Laboratorium Wirtualnego Latania Wydziału Automatyki, Elektroniki i Informatyki Politechniki Śląskiej w Gliwicach. Dzięki temu możliwe było wykorzystanie symulatorów do prac badawczych dotyczących zastosowania nawigacji satelitarnej w procedurach podejść precyzyjnych LPV. Celem wykorzystania symulatorów Laboratorium Wirtualnego Latania w projektach naukowych Unii Europejskiej jest redukcja czasu oraz zasobów finansowych niezbędnych do badań w dziedzinie aeronautyki. Zwiększa się również w ten sposób bezpieczeństwo badań naukowych oraz prac badawczo-rozwojowych związanych z aeronautyką.
EN
The article presents design and implementation of CDI (Course Deviation Indicator) gauges which has been done within EGALITE project. The software developed served for integration of these gauges with flight simulators of FNTP class, which are installed at Virtual Flying Laboratory located at Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice. These works made possible to use flight simulators in research on application of satellite navigation in precision approaches procedures LPV. The aim of use the Virtual Flying Laboratory simulators in the EU scientific projects allows to reduce time and money for the aeronautic research. It also increases safety of aeronautic flight research and development studies.
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