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NICOLAUS STROSBERG - THE PAPAL COLLECTOR IN POLAND DURING THE YEARS 1372-1382 (Mikołaj Strosberg - kolektor papieski w Polsce w latach 1372-1382)

100%

Szczur S.

Roczniki Historyczne

2008

tom 74

55-81

The article presents the collecting activity of Nicolaus Strosberg during the final years of the pontificate of Gregory XI and the early years of the rule of the Roman pope Urban VI. Strosberg was nominated by a cleric of the papal chamber for only one occasion but managed to take over the Polish collector during the time when the office of collector general was held by Peter son of Stephen. He was the first collector general since the beginning of the Polish collectory who had been a member of the local clergy. Because of his ruthlessness in executing the papal debts, his activities were not very popular in the church province of Gniezno. Unlike his predecessors, Nicolaus Strosberg resided not in Cracow but in Wroclaw. For transferring the money to Rome he no longer used the merchants of Cracow but cooperated with Italian bankers. Accused of conversion of funds, he was revoked from office and forced to cover the debts for the papal chamber from his own beneficial income. The loss of the collector's office did not stop Strosberg's ecclesiastical career in Poland. He later became an official and a vicar general of the archbishop of Gniezno.

Papežská politika v českých zemích za nunciatury Antonia Caetaniho (1607-1609)

80%

Černušák T.

Folia historica Bohemica

2010

tom 25

nr 1

7-22

The Papacy extensively used services of its nuncios in enforcement of Counter-Reformation. It was not different in the Bohemian lands, particularly after 1583, when the nunciature resided on the Emperor’s court in Prague. The daring plans of the first nuncios residing in Prague, however, were replaced with a defensive policy under the pontificate of Pope Paul V (1605-1621). This is documented in a general directive to nuncio Antoni Caetani dated 1607. Thus in 1607-1609, Caetani concentrated his activities on defence of Catholic interests against Protestantism, interventions from secular powers and inner discipline in church institutions.