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MARIA CHMIELEWSKA - FIFTY SIX YEARS OF RESEARCH (Maria Chmielewska - w piecdziesiecioszesciolecie pracy naukowej)

100%

Schild R.

Archeologia Polski

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2009

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tom 54

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nr 2

179-182

EN

Ever since the author took an interest in the Stone Age he was aware that modern research on the Paleolithic and Mesolithic in Poland is linked with Maria Chmielewska and her husband Waldemar. Few of today's researchers are conscious of the gap that existed at the time in research on the Paleolithic. In the early 1950s there were only four people working in the field: Stefan Krukowski, Ludwik Sawicki, Maria and Waldemar who embarked on their first fieldwork on a Mesolithic site in Konin in 1950. Maria's first publication concerning the Mesolithic (1954) was a monograph of a Late Mesolithic grave in Janislawice near Skierniewice. It is still considered a milestone of research on the Mesolithic in Poland. It was also a signal that here was a researcher worth taking note of. In 1955 Maria and her husband undertook the exploration of a dune site at Witów near Leczyca. This breakthrough work in European archaeology of the late Stone Age, combining comprehensive archaeological excavations and paleoenvironmental research on dunes and connected peat bogs, lasted through 1963. For the first time on a site in the European Plain, perfect microstratigraphic, geomorphological and palynological analyses, added to radiocarbon dating, provided data for a chronological and environmental positioning of cultural units from the end of the Ice Age and the beginning of the Holocene in Poland. The Terminal Paleolithic remained a focus of Maria Chmielewska's research for many years despite serious eyesight problems. She stands behind the initiation of excavations at Cichmiana (1952), one of the most interesting sites on the European Plain, as well as Ruska Skala (1952-1954) and Katarzynów (1960-1962). A monograph (which was at the same time her habilitation thesis): 'The Late Palaeolithic in the Warsaw-Berlin ice-marginal streamway' (Wroclaw-Warszawa-Kraków-Gdansk 1978), a book whose impact on studies of the Stone Age in Poland cannot be exaggerated. Most of her long involvement in scientific research Maria Chmielewska spent in the Institute of the History of Material Culture (from 1992 the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology) of the Polish Academy of Sciences, where she worked from 1956 until the end of 1990. In 1963-1964 we both excavated at Arkin in northern Sudan within the framework of the Combined Prehistoric Expedition and the Nubian Salvage Campaign of UNESCO and in 1971 and 1972 during excavations for the chocolate flint mining research program. It was for this program that Marysia directed the explorations of an Early Bronze Age mining site at Polany near Wierzbica. Her retirement in 1990 did not severe her ties with the Institute. She has remained active, producing jointly with Hanna Wieckowska a hugely important publication of the final results of excavations on a Mesolithic site at Luta in the western Polesie region (H. Wieckowska, M. Chmielewska, The Mesolithic settlement in the Luta microregion, Lublin voivodeship. Materials, Warszawa 2007). Fig. 1.

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MODEL OSÍDLENIA SEVEROVÝCHODNÉHO SLOVENSKA V POVODÍ SEKČOVA NA PODKLADE DÁT ZÍSKANÝCH Z PROSTREDIA GIS. PALEOLIT, NEOLIT, ENEOLIT

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Malček R. , Horváthová E. , Luštíková L.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2021

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tom 69

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nr 1

1 - 43

EN

The study is focused on assessment of the settlement in the region of Šariš in the drainage basin of the Sekčov and its contributaries. It contains a database and map materials with indicated archaeological sites from the periods of the Paleolithic, Neolithic, Eneolithic, Bronze Age, Hallstatt, La Tène and Roman periods. With regard to the amount and complexity of the information excerpted from analyses in the GIS environment, we have decided to publish the results of our research in two stages, in the chronological succession of subsequent periods. In the first stage, we synthesize – by means of the submitted publication – results of the research from the early prehistoric periods (Paleolithic, Neolithic, Eneolithic). We analyze natural properties of the settled sites in association with the potential water streams and the distance from them, the route of the main communication corridor, the character of slopes and altitude of the terrain, the composition and fertility value of pedo-ecological units (BPEJ/FVPEU), their typology-production categories (TPK/TPC), as well as with other indicators, with their possible tracing in the modern landscape. The suggested settlement zones and their characteristics are finally confronted with previously published information on the settlement near the upper and middle river Torysa.

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OSTEOLOGICKÝ MATERIÁL VTÁKOV A CICAVCOV (VERTEBRATA - AVES ET MAMMALIA) Z ARCHEOLOGICKÉHO VÝSKUMU LUČIVNIANSKEJ JASKYNE

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Soják M. , Obuch J. , Holec P.

Študijné zvesti

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2008

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nr 43

235 - 249

EN

The results are presented from the archaeological excavation of the site Lučivná - Lučivnianska cave 1, Poprad district (2003). Relatively extensive osteological material from ten mammalian species and nine bird species was found. The species indicate three types of the Paleontology environment. The first one is a cold, treeless landscape - tundra or Arctic steppe. It is attested by the presence of reindeer and two ptarmigan species. The second type of Paleontology environment is the transfer to a cold forest steppe with sparse grasses. Cave bear, horse and steppe crane may have lived here. The last landscape type is characterised by warmer climate, forests and grasses with water. This type may belong to the beginning of the Holocene, based on the found fauna of mammals and birds. The world climate became considerably warmer and in our conditions forest vegetation started to spread. The presence of forest has been confirmed by finds of both types of grouse, golden eagle and mammals (deer, roe deer and brown bear). The presence of water is confirmed by finds of water birds remains (duck and ruff). The osteological material was accompanied by a silicite blade of Upper Paleolithic character. Along with most of the recorded fauna it belongs probably to the Epipaleolithic, which has also been confirmed on open settlements (Lučivná, Lučivná/Svit, Spišská Teplica, Veľký Slavkov), in caves in the nearby area (Teplica - cave Suchá diera) and in the wider region of upper Spiš (Haligovce - cave Aksamitka). More specific chronological-cultural classification of Paleolithic finds from Lučivnianska cave 1 remains unclear. Radiocarbon dating C14 of finds from the presented cave is still missing. Some of the animal bones may have been brought to the cave by carnivores and are thus not necessarily related to the presence of Paleolithic hunters.