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1 Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

1 2013

1 Kashapov T.

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Kashapov T.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

2013

tom 99

nr 3-4

239-256

At the beginning of the 20th century the Russian Empire went through a series of crises. As a result of its resounding defeat in the war with Japan and the 1905 Revolution the conflicts between supporters and opponents of the Czar escalated. Under these conditions Czar Nicolas II appointed P. A. Stolypin, a young politician known for his reformist opinions, as Prime Minister. The basis of his transformation program was agricultural reform that hinged on the breakup of village communes (known as obshchina) and solving the problem of land shortage in the central regions of Russia. The article focuses on analysis of Stolypin’s agrarian reform and its influence on the economic, political and social development of the Russian Empire, and it evaluates the content, implementation and results of these actions. In order to carry out this research, the author applied systemic and historical analysis, as well as comparative statistical and quantitative methods. The contributions of Stolypin’s agrarian reform are undisputable: in 1912 Russia became the largest agricultural exporter in the world, and it was rapidly industrializing. Nevertheless, the author considers its success to be only partial, primarily because the changes introduced did not prove to be permanent. Moreover, Stolypin’s successors were unable to develop the reforms Pyotr Arkadyevich had laid out, which led to the population embracing radical measures to solve the problems of Russian villages.