Natural regeneration of forest depends on the light regimes of floor. Point-based methods such as fisheye photo and radiometer can not provide a full panorama of light regime of heterogeneous forest stand. Eastern Tibetan Plateau is a major forest belt characteristic of diverse forest type and topographic differentiation. Understanding the trend of changes of light regime along succession series of forest may be helpful for the management of ecosystems. Fragmented forest patches due to tectonic activity and human intervention have made this prediction difficult. We use a spatially explicit forest stand light model (tRAYci) to simulate light distribution within forest in typical subalpine forest succession series of eastern Tibetan Plateau. Due to the spatial heterogeneity of tree distribution in the subalpine area, the forest stand can be approximated with a spatially explicit model of trees. Three typical subalpine forest stands (Sabina forest (SF), Fir forest (FF) and Birch forest (BF)) are selected in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The dominant species are sabina (Sabina saltuaria (Rehd. et Wils.) Cheng), fir (Abies faxoniana Rehd. et Wils.) and birch (Betula platyphylla Suk.) for each stand and they are spatially clumped in distribution. They represent old growth coniferous forest (SF, 330 years old), coniferous-broadleaved forest (FF, 180 ys) and pioneer broadleaved forest (BF, 40 ys). The parameters of the three-dimensional model of trees are calibrated with field measurements. The simulated values are generally consistent with observed values of radiation measured by radiometers installed in these stands and values derived from fisheye photos. Test failures may be caused by the incomplete submodel of crown as a gap free one. Light regimes in old growth and pioneer forest are much more heterogeneous than intermediate stages of forest. Light regimes of these forests are also reflected by the composition of understory herb layers.
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This study was conducted to examine the seasonal dynamics of biomass and plant nitrogen (N) content under three grazing intensities (light grazing - LG: 1.2, moderate grazing - MG: 2.0, and heavy grazing - HG: 2.9 yaks ha[^-1]) in representative alpine meadow on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Differentiation in grazing intensity in the study area started since 1997 and has continued to the present time. Plant samples were collected in the middle of June, August and September. The highest aboveground biomass occurred at the MG site for both August and September. Over the growing season, belowground biomass (0.30 cm) increased as grazing intensity increased. The total belowground biomass averaged over all sampling dates was 1226, 1908 and 2244 g m[^-2] for LG site, MG site and HG site, which accounted for 75, 81 and 88% of total biomass, respectively. The results suggested that grazing intensity changed biomass allocation pattern between aboveground and belowground parts of plants. Higher grazing intensity resulted in higher N concentration in both live and dead aboveground biomass over the study period. Increased grazing intensity tended to increase plant N content averaged over all sampling dates, which were 17.9 g m[^-2], 23.8 g m[^-2] and 27.6 g m[^-2] in LG site, MG site and HG site. The results indicated that higher grazing intensity had a potential to increase the ecosystem pool of plant N.
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