The article is devoted to the question of ancient Egyptian mysteries of Osiris, god of death and renewable life. During this feast, priests were playing story about the anguish, death, and resurrection of the god. Author attempts to reconstruct course of the performance. Mysteries of Osiris are an unique phenomenon out of one significant reason: they’re ritual as well as performance. Author refers to actual discussion in theatre science about origins of the theatre. It shows that history of theatre can start earlier than in ancient Greece.
The paper deals with the reign of Nyuserre, one of the great Old Kingdom rulers who ruled in the mid-Fifth Dynasty. A gradual transformation of Egyptian society took place during this crucial period, and a number of innovations came about in various spheres (religion, society, administration, tomb architecture, etc.), mirroring a change in the participation in power. This situation was reflected primarily in dignitaries’ tombs dated to the given period, which became indicators of this transformation of society. The research is focused on an analysis of more than 100 tombs of high-ranking individuals and their family members, and particularly of their titulary, offering formulae, false doors, etc. In order to provide a framework for a better understanding of the changes, innovations and processes which occurred, this treatise uses representative cases from social, administrative and religious areas to illustrate the innovativeness of the period of Nyuserre’s reign and the climate in which the concatenation of many changes came to pass.
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