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EN
Three date cultivars were sourced from the open market, sterilized and infested with Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. in a no-choice infestation experiment to determine emergence and weight loss. Emergence of O. surinamensis in Jigawa cultivar with and without calyx was significantly higher (P≤0.05) than emergence in Mali and Deglet Noor with and without calyx, just as emergence in Mali cultivar without calyx was significantly (P≤0.05) higher than emergence in Deglet Noor with and without calyx. Based on cultivar, Deglet Noor gave the least emergence of O. surinamensis, with the highest in Jigawa cultivar. There was a highly significant (P≤0.05) weight loss in Jigawa date cultivar compared with weight loss in both Deglet Noor and Mali date cultivars. Moreover, dates without calyx had significantly higher (P≤0.05) weight loss compared with dates with calyx. Finally, pulpy dates appeared to be the most susceptible cultivars, whereas firm dates were the least susceptible date cultivars. Conclusively, the results showed that Deglet Noor cultivar with calyx had the least emergence of O. surinamensis, as well as loss in weight, and is, therefore, recommended to store-owners for prolonged storage.
EN
The essential oil of aerial parts of Agastache foeniculum (Lamiaceae) was isolated by hydrodistillation method and constituents of oil were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Methyl chavicol, 1,8-cineole, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanone and germacrene D the predominant components of oil. Methyl chavicol (94.003%) was identified as a major component in the oil. Essential oil was tested for toxicity against adults of Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. and Lasioderma serricorne F. The influence of different concentrations of the essential oil vapours on adult mortality was significant. Data of probit analysis showed that a lethal concentration of the essential oil to kill 50% of the population (LC50) for adults of O. surinamensis and L. serricorne were 18.781 and 21.565 μl/l respectively. O. surinamensis was more susceptible than L. serricorne at the exposure time 24 h. The results demonstrated that mortality increased with the increase in concentration and exposure time. These results showed that the essential oil from A. foeniculum could be applicable the management of population of stored-product beetle pest.
PL
Izolowano olejek eteryczny z części nadziemnych Agastache foeniculum (Lamiaceae), wykorzystując metodę hydrodestylacji, a jego składniki izolowano przy wykorzystaniu metody spektrometrii masy (GC-MS). Przeważającymi składnikami olejku były: chavikol metylu, 1,8-cineol, 1-octen-3-ol, aceton i germacrene D. Chavikol metylu (94,003%) był określony jako główny komponent olejku. Testowano jego toksyczność w stosunku do dorosłych osobników Oryzaephilus surinamensis i Lasioderma serricorne. Wpływ różnych stężen par olejku na śmiertelność dorosłych osobników był istotny. Analiza żywienia wykazała, że zabójcze stężenie olejku eterycznego potrzebne do zabicia 50% populacji (LC50) dla osobników dorosłych O. surinamensisi L. serricorne wynosiłoodpowiednio - 18,781 i 21,565 μl/l. O. surinamensis była bardziej wrażliwa niż L. serricorne przy czasie ekspozycji 24 godziny. Wyniki wykazały, że śmiertelność wzrastała wraz ze wzrostem stężenia oraz czasu ekspozycji. Wykazano, że olejek eteryczny z A. foeniculum mógłby być stosowany w regulowaniu populacji szkodliwego, dla przechowywania produktów, chrząszcza.
EN
The effects of powdered herbs (lavender Lavandula officinalis L., peppermint Mentha piperita L. and basil Ocimium basilicum L.) added to the food substances of three insect species: the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.), lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and the saw-toothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) on the life span and development of the three insect species as well as habitat conditions, sex structure, and the survivability of males and females were considered. The experiments were conducted in the laboratory at a temperature of 28°C and relative humidity (RH) 60 ±5%. In all the studied populations, high female mortality was found (♂/♀ < 1). The studied populations were: the rice weevil and the lesser grain borer cultured in wheat grain with herb additions, and the saw-toothed grain beetle cultured in semolina with herb additions. Among the herbs used, peppermint caused a significant effect in the form of increased mortality rates among females of S. oryzae and O. surinamensis. Lavender and basil had a similar impact among R. dominica females. The herbs applied in the experiments intensified the mortality of females and, consequently, led to the disappearance of entire populations.
EN
The study pertained to the saw-toothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis L., a dangerous pest of stored food products. The studies were carried out in the laboratory. Thermostats were set at a temperature of 31°C; an optimum temperature for this insect species, and in temperatures lowered to 28 and 22°C. The relative air humidity was kept at 60 ±5% relative humidity (RH). The main topic of the study was to examine the effect of lower temperatures in the environment, on the emigration activity of O. surinamensis. In these conditions, the population dynamics and the sex structure in O. surinamensis populations were also studied. The saw-toothed grain beetle was found to display very high emigration activity at 31 and 28°C. Lowering the temperature to 22°C caused a decrease in emigration activity and total inhibition of emigration activity until the 120th day of the experiment. A higher emigration levels among females rather than males, was also observed.
EN
Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effect of Silicosec by using contact and oral bioassay methods on survival of 1-7 days old adults of Oryzaeohilus surinamensis (L.) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) at 27±2°C and 65±5% RH. For contact method adult of these species were exposed to five doses of Silicosec for 3 days on plastic Petri dishes while in the case of oral bioassay technique the species were exposed to maize treated with five doses of Silicosec in small glass vials for 10 days. After exposure the initial mortality was recorded. For O. surinamensis in oral and contact methods 99% mortality was achieved at 8 333 ppm after 10 days and 165 ppm after 3 days, respectively, for T. castaneum 75% mortality achieved at 25 000 ppm after 10 days and 165 ppm after 3 days in the same order. For the oral method LC50 values for O. surinamensis and T. castaneum were 50 and 133 ppm, respectively after 10 days, while for the contact method these criteria were 8 and 57 ppm, respectively after 3 days. The results revealed that Silicosec with contact method could have more deleterious effect compared to the other method, and O. surinamensis was more susceptible to Silicosec than T. castaneum in either bioassay methods.
PL
W celu określenia skuteczności preparatu Silicosec przeciw Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) i Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) przeprowadzono laboratoryjne testy biologiczne metodami kontaktową i doustną na 1-7 dniowych dorosłych osobnikach w temperaturze 27±1°C i 65±5% RH. W metodzie kontaktowej dorosłe osobniki tych gatunków wystawione były na działanie pięciu dawek preparatu Silicosec w plastikowych szalkach Petriego przez 3 dni. W metodzie doustnej były one karmione przez 10 dni kukurydzą traktowaną pięcioma dawkami preparatu. Po tym czasie badano początkową śmiertelność owadów. W przypadku O. surinamensis i użyciu metody doustnej oraz kontaktowej, 99% śmiertelności osiągnięto odpowiednio przy dawkach 8 333 ppm po 10 dniach i 165 ppm po 3 dniach. T. castaneum wykazał 75% śmiertelność przy 25 000 ppm po 10 dniach w metodzie doustnej, 165 ppm po 3 dniach w przypadku metody kontaktowej. Wartości LC50 dla O. surinamensis i T. castaneum w metodzie doustnej wynosiły odpowiednio 50 i 133 ppm po 10 dniach ekspozycji, a w metodzie kontaktowej odpowiednio 8 i 57 po 3 dniach. Powyższe rezultaty wykazały, że Silicosec zastosowany kontaktowo był bardziej szkodliwy niż metodą doustną. O. surinamensis okazał się bardziej wrażliwy na preparat niż T. castaneum.
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