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PL
W świetle najnowszych badań archiwalnych historia życia i twórczości Orsona Wellesa nie jest już tak enigmatyczna i tajemnicza jak w poprzednich dekadach, jednak za sprawą nowych odkryć oraz kolejnych premier filmów odrestaurowanych i ukończonych po śmierci reżysera nadal pozostaje gorącym tematem dla jego biografów. Autorka śledzi wpływ procesu technologicznego na końcowy kształt przywróconych do życia dzieł Wellesa głównie na przykładzie Drugiej strony wiatru (The Other Side of the Wind, 2018) – ostatniego filmu reżysera oraz Too Much Johnson (1938) – odnalezionego w 2013 r. jego średniometrażowego debiutu. Wybór tych tytułów podyktowany jest z jednej strony poczuciem, że w obu przypadkach technika filmowa odegrała bardzo istotną rolę, a z drugiej przekonaniem, że oba te filmy nie zostały jeszcze wystarczająco dogłębnie opisane.
EN
In the light of recent archival research, the story of Orson Welles’ life and work is no longer as enigmatic and mysterious as it was in previous decades. But with new discoveries and the subsequent release of films restored and completed after the director’s death, it remains a hot topic for his biographers. The author traces the influence of the technological process on the final shape of Welles’ restored works, mainly through the examples of The Other Side of the Wind (2018), the director’s last film, and Too Much Johnson (1938), his medium-length debut found in 2013. The choice of these titles is dictated on the one hand by the fact that in both cases technology played a very important role, and on the other hand, by the fact that both films have not yet been described in depth.
EN
History of cinema does not consist merely of masterpieces, but also of films that are unfinished, as well as scripts that were supposed to serve as the basis for films which ultimately never came into being or were transformed into completely different works completed by another filmmaker. Welles’ case is very interesting in this context as, on the one hand, he was a star of the “author’s policy”, a universally known celebrity, a legend of world cinema, who contributed significantly to its history, but on the other hand he was also an unaccomplished figure. Yet, his unfulfillment was different from what is often described, for instance, in autobiographical interpretations of Citizen Kane: “he had everything and lost everything”. We may rather say that his oeuvre forms a sinusoid that comprises both completed, artistically accomplished works and films that were rejected by viewers and critics, as well as more than a dozen very interesting unfinished projects. In this paper I’m analysing the case of Orson Welles’ last (un)finished movie — The Other Side of the Wind (2018).
EN
The Federal Theatre Project, which was established in 1935 to put unemployed Americans back to work after the Great Depression, and later employed over 10,000 people at its peak, financed one particularly original adaptation of Shakespeare: the “voodoo” Macbeth directed by Orson Welles in 1936. Debuting in Harlem with an all-black cast, the play’s setting resembled a Haiti-like island instead of ancient Scotland, and Welles also supplemented the witches with voodoo priestesses, sensing that the practice of voodoo was more relevant, if not more realistic, for a contemporary audience than early modern witchcraft. My essay will consider how the terms “national origins” and “originality” intersect in three distinct ways vis-a-vis this play: The Harlem locale for the premier, the Caribbean setting for the tragedy, and the federal funding for the production.
EN
The author analyzes the cultural status of the unfinished adaptations of Don Quixote of Miguel de Cervantes, which were worked on for years by Orson Welles (1955–1985) and Terry Gilliam (1991–2018). Although there are many films about the errant knight, these two projects still arouse interest of critics, viewers and filmmakers. Barbaruk initially puts these perplexing obsessions in the context of the idea of film maudit and the romanticism of interpretations of Don Quixote, but considers that only referring to modernity, which is the embodiment of the film industry, makes it understandable. In the unfinished projects of Welles and Gilliam the author sees the potential for self-creation and interpretation (underlining of openness of Cervantes’s novel and the autonomy of its heroes) and a counter-cultural, critical force aimed at contemporary finality.
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