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Tramadol and its health implications

100%

Waheed S. A. , Adesola R. O. , Abraham Y.

World News of Natural Sciences

2022

tom 42

123-138

Tramadol is classified as a pain reliever having analgesic properties. Pain is an unpleasant sensation that occurs most commonly as a result of tissue injury. Most opioid medicines are classed as alkaloid compounds and are classified as narcotics because they work on the central nervous system (CNS) to treat pain in conditions such as osteoarthritis, cancer, tooth pain, and kidney discomfort. Tramadol is plentiful in the roots of Nauclea latofolia. It can be chemically and biosynthetically produced from cyclohexanone and L-phenylalanine, respectively. The tramadol dose determines the toxicity stage. The medicine can be detoxified in the liver using monooxygenase enzymes and conjugating agents if taken in excess of the recommended dose. Tramadol works on the central nervous system by acting as a vulnerable agonist and inhibiting serotonin re-uptake. Seizures, genitourinary, dermatologic, and respiratory depression are just a few of tramadol's many side effects. The focus of this research will be on tramadol and its health consequences.

Histological effects of tramadol on the uterus of albino wistar rat

75%

Ikegwuonu O. P. , Okamkpa C. J. , Udeh C. J. , Ikegwuonu I. P. , Ohagwu U. F. , Eyamba-Idem I. I. , Usoh A. C. , Achukee C. K.

World News of Natural Sciences

2025

tom 58

61-77

Tramadol is a synthetic opioid primarily used in pain management. A report by the National Bureau of Statistics (2018) shows that 4.6 million people have misused tramadol in Nigeria. This is due to its availability at cheap prices in pharmacies which do not require prescriptions. Researches has proven and shown that tramadol can be used in the treatment of early ejaculations, extended orgasm and increase performance in men. But the absence of information on the effect of tramadol on the female reproductive system, the concept of fertility is the reason for this study. The present study was undertaken to investigate the histological effects of tramadol on female fertility. The specific objectives were to; A) To evaluate the effect of tramadol misuse on the histology of the Uterus B) To investigate the behavioral effect of tramadol abuse on female albino rats. The study adopted the experimental design. Thirty-six (36) healthy female albino wistar rats (100-150g) were used for this study. Following parturition, they were divided into five groups of six rats per group (6) labeled 1- 5. Treatment was carried out as follows: Group 1 (Normal Control) received the normal feed and distilled water. Group 2: Tramadol (25 mg/kg/day), Group 3: Tramadol (25 mg/kg/day), Group 4: Tramadol (50 mg/kg/day), Group5: Tramadol (50 mg/kg/alternate days). Treatment was done for the period of thirty-three day at 11:00 daily. At the end of experiment, animals were sacrificed using cervical dislocation, the uterus organs were harvested, fixed in 10% formal saline and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. The Uterus tissues of rats in the control group showed normal uterine features and those treated with 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg of only dose of tramadol showed moderate or severe necrotic effects on the endometrial lining. This study affirms that the abuse of tramadol hydrochloride has a deleterious chronic toxic effect on their uterus.