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Literature: Wealhtheow’s Peace-Weaving: Diegesis and Genealogy of Gender in Beowulf

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Olesiejko J.

Studia Anglica Posnaniensia

2014

tom 49

nr 1

103-123

This article uses Charles S. Peirce’s concept of icon and Judith Butler’s idea of genealogy of gender to study levels of fictionality in the Old English poem Beowulf. It shows that Wealhtheow, the principal female character in the epic, operates as a diegetic reader in the poem. Her speeches, in which she addresses her husband King Hrothgar and Beowulf contain implicit references to the Lay of Finn, which has been sung by Hrothgar’s minstrel at the feast celebrating Beowulf’s victory. It is argued here that Wealhtheow represents herself as an icon of peace-weaving, as she casts herself as a figuration of Hildeburh, the female protagonist of the Lay of Finn. Hildeburh is the sister of Hnæf, the leader of the Danes, and is given by her brother to Finn the Frisian in a marriage alliance. In her role as a peace-weaver, the queen is to weave peace between tribes by giving birth to heirs of the crown. After the courtly minster’s performance of the Lay, Wealhtheow warns her husband against establishing political alliances with the foreigner Beowulf at the expense of his intratribal obligation to his cousin Hrothulf, who is to become king after Hrothgar’s death.

The ideology of military kingship in Anglo-Saxon England: Conversion narratives in Bede’s Historia Ecclesiastica and Cynewulf’s Elene

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Olesiejko J.

2016

nr 4

507-522

Ideologies of kingship in Anglo-Saxon England, whether theorised from ecclesiastical perspectives or perpetuated by the oral/literary practices of Old English vernacular poets, were conducive to the promulgation of Christianity among the aristocratic military classes. This article reads Bede’s Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum and Cynewulf’s Elene in an attempt to locate these works in the political and cultural landscape of conversion in early Anglo-Saxon England, on the one hand, and Viking invasion and settlement of the tenth and eleventh century, on the other. While earlier criticism has looked to biblical literary models in order to elucidate Bede’s and Cynewulf’s portrayals of Edwin and Constantine, the present article argues that the portrayal of military kings therein can be better understood in the context of the secular ethos of kingship and warfare argued by ecclesiastical writers, whose ideas emanated from a shared ideological framework.