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Credit Constraints for Microfinance Sector in Pakistan, an Analysis of Internal and External Factors

100%

Khan M. M.

tom 6 (1)

164-173

Microfinance is considered to be an effective tool for poverty alleviation, employment generation, income generation and income equality. It is a financial service provided to poor people who do not have any other source of funds or have access to financial services. The purpose of this research paper is to determine the credit constraints that are facing by microfinance sector in Pakistan. The data is collected through structured questionnaires from 250 respondents who are employees of MFBs/ MFIs keeping in view three broad categories of theoretical framework including internal factors having sub variables like operational cost, HR capacity, innovation and external factors having sub variables like competition, language, awareness as independent variables and a dependent variable having sub variable that is credit constraints for microfinance sector. Regression analysis has been used to determine the impact of independent variables i.e. internal and external factors on dependent variable that is credit constraints. The study found that there is a significant impact of internal and external factors on the credit constraints facing the microfinance sector. Based on the results it is recommended that concerned authorities should give due importance to all sub variables of internal and external factors in order to minimize the issue of credit constraints facing the microfinance sector. (original abstract)

Why do Polish Banks Limit Lending to Enterprises?

67%

Akiba M. , Lissowska M.

nr nr Special Issue

45-55

The article sets out to check a hypothesis under which Polish banks limit lending to the corporate sector, especially small businesses. The theory holds that banks deal with asymmetric information. In addition to the objective risk resulting from potential changes in the situation of borrowers, lenders are subject to a risk involving disloyal client behavior. This may result in reduced lending to some or even all borrowers, either directly by introducing more rigorous eligibility criteria or by increasing interest rates. A survey conducted among Polish banks indicates that they do not declare a strategy of limiting lending, but want to fend off the risk with measures such as technical improvements in the procedures for examining credit worthiness and by demanding guarantees with an adequate level of security. These requirements particularly hit small businesses, whose reporting policies are not adapted to supplying the information in question and which do not have the required level of security. Additionally, these entities are generally seen as less loyal than larger companies, and the profitability of banking operations in their case is lower. This explains why banks do not reduce their interest rate margins for these entities, which is an additional factor that discourages those applying for loans. This trend may add to the risk associated with small borrowers, by discouraging those businesses which have relatively low albeit stable incomes rather than those which pursue decidedly risky operations. (original abstract)