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Masoneria w islamie z uwzględnieniem Afryki Północnej

100%

Chazbijewicz S.

Forum Politologiczne

2006

tom 4 - Islam we współczesnej Afryce

43-58

The article focuses on Masonic ideology and its origin and organizational development in Muslim states taking African countries - Egypt and Morocco into consideration. The great importance is to attach to relationship between ideology of Masonic lodges and Turkish-Ottoman Committee of Unity and Progress as well as programme of secularization of Turkey and Occidentalism of Islam. The article is one of the first attempt in Polish literature of describing of masonry in Muslim countries and relationship of Masonic ideology with individual trends in Islam with particular reference to Sufism.

Patterns of Modernity: Christianity, Occidentalism and Islam

88%

Tămaş C.

nr 1

139-148

The shift of interest from community to individuality and freedom brought by modernity challenged the central place once occupied by religion, pushing it to the outskirts of human life. All these led to an increased indifference towards any transcendental guarantor that could act in a neutral reason-governed space. In the case of Islam, such a situation is impossible to tolerate, because it would mean God’s desecration by reducing the Qur’an to the statute of a simple book like many others that offer an opinion on a Supreme Being who does not decide the destiny of humanity any more, but becomes a simple matter of opinion. While Western Christianity adjusted to modernity reaching even to justify the developments which led to a dissolution of sacred, stating that they were consistent with its essence, Islam accepted modernity only to the extent of this one’s capacity to verify the realities stated by the Qur’an.

Ekonomiczne i etyczne cele ziemiańskiego stronnictwa ,,klemensowczyków” w latach czterdziestych XIX wieku

88%

Szymański Z. , University of Economics and Innovation in Lublin

nr 3

The 1840s brought a certain revival both in intellectual life and efforts to modernize agriculture in the Kingdom of Poland. Count Andrzej Zamoyski (1800–1874) played an inspiring role here. In all his properties replaced feudal service by rents. Moreover, even though the villein system was still in place, he was a spokesman for a transition to this more modern form of managing for the totality of the landed gentry. On his initiative, the periodical “Roczniki Gospodarstwa Krajowego” (“Polish Farming Annual”) came out. “Roczniki” brought in representatives of the Kingdom’s landed gentry supporting actions aimed at economic development and the promotion of civilization, soon to be called organic work. Representatives of the landowning party supporting the idea of organic work were popularly called “klemensowczycy”, because of their participation in conventions held in Andrzej Zamoyski’s estate in the village of Klemensów. The leader of the “klemensowczycy” blazed a trail for Poland’s progress of civilization, where he was characterized by Occidentalism, understood as referring to historical experiences of the Western world.