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SETTLEMENT TYPE AS AN HISTORIC CATEGORY (EXAMPLE OF PODBIEL VILLAGE)

100%

Langer J.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

2005

tom 53

nr 2

134-151

The geography of settlement classified most Slovak villages with compact settlement as the street-type. Only new innovations from the 2nd half of the 20th century can be perceived. The author started observing this development in 1952 and he looked into the settlement structure in the village Podbiel (Orava region) in 1962. This analysis provided rich information concerning the urbanization process. 54% of wooden houses stood there in 1962. 89% out of them contained all signs of the tradition whose climax came in the mid-19th century. The area taking 40% of Podbiel village along the road offered most information because there survived the former dense buildings in the most thickly situated yards. On the upper side of the road, every four yard-wings had the same length of yard plots, differing from the length of neighbouring group of yard-wings. Each group of yard-wings constitutes a unit of the former large yard. The division of the large yards depended on the transit road connecting villages in the Orava valley and thus also the Danubian Basin with Cracow, Poland. The settlement on the lower side of the road developed later than the chapel (built in 1780) whose area had been demarcated. The author's historical analysis of demographic and social transformations of Podbiel village clarified the periodization of the settlement (urbanizing) process. During the six periods, the settlement there developed from the chain-type through large yards up to the maximum segmentation creating narrow yards shared by three to seven farmers and cottagers. Podbiel village was a centre of craft and industrial production from the late 18th century (with deep social differentiation). Other types of the settlement development in different time periods differed from the villages with local tracks leading far from transit roads (for example Hrustin). They grew up from the chain-type to the street-type with broad close yards of individual farmers.

PRÍCESTNÉ STĹPY NA ORAVE OD ZAČIATKU 18. PO ZAČIATOK 20. STOROČIA

100%

Čajka M.

Studia Historica Nitriensia

2019

tom 23

nr 1

67 – 90

The contribution deals with the columns by the roads with religious figural compositions in Orava region. We assess the preconditions for the origin and development of their creation, especially the strong counter-reform process in the area. The basis of the study is the extensive mapping of objects in the field, the determination of their basic formal, structural and stylistic features, more accurate localization as well as the processing of their iconographic program. From the time point of view, we focus on the period starting 1705, when the oldest column in Trstená was built, until 1917, when the newest column in Horná Zubrica is dated. We have divided this framework definition into three shorter stages, in which we describe individual realizations and evaluate their characteristic features.

POHREBISKO A SÍDLISKO LUŽICKEJ KULTÚRY V DOLNOM KUBÍNE

75%

Cheben I. , Vojteček M.

nr 2

205 – 220

Results, obtained during the rescue excavations in 2008 caused by a shopping centre construction in the area of former military quarters in Dolný Kubín are presented in the study. The researched area is situated on the river Orava left bank terrace at the Ožnica position, which is in 300 m distance of the present-day river flow. Since the 1930s the cremation burial ground dated to the Late Bronze Age has been known in professional literature already under the name of Dolný Kubín I. New excavations at this locality were realized at the positions of Kapustnée hrady and Kukučínova Street. Six cremation burials and two settlement objects of the Lusatian culture were found there. The graves were considerably damaged by previous building activities. Some graves were represented by clusters of fragments of several vessels, which contained only small number of charred human bones; there were sandstone fragments found among the potsherds, which probably were remains of covering or underlying plates. The other burials were pit graves with stone facing. Considering the shape and decoration of the pottery fragments, the necropolis can be dated to the Late Bronze Age generally. Revealing of a sunken feature – dwelling of 9 x 6 m in size – was an extraordinary significant find. Inner sunken sides of the walls were faced with the rectangular sandstone plates. Two amphorae were found under the floor level in the north-eastern corner. Another vessel was situated on the floor level in the centre. The find of a bronze pin with globular head and moulded neck together with dagger fragments are dating the dwelling into the BD stage. The excavated feature proves a Lusatian-culture settlement was situated in the close vicinity of the burial ground. The preserved construction details helped creating the dwelling space reconstruction.