A phenomenological approach is not only a matter of academic philosophy; it is also effectively applied in the field of psychotherapeutic practice. Technology of self-awareness – in the sense of self-experiencing of our existence in the world – developed on the phenomenological grounds aims primarily at the integration of behaviour observed and experiencing deeper levels of personal condition with an ambition to get as close as possible to the situation experienced. The connection of Gestalt therapy and its specific theoretical model of “field” with modern phenomenological concept of “event” can be seen as a paradigmatic example of the application of such a method. The existential analysis of French philosopher Henri Maldiney is the back-ground of the description of contemporary art-therapeutic approaches with an emphasis on the key categories of the whole process, i.e. self-awareness and openness.
In his work, recently departed French philosopher Henri Maldiney, examines the forms of the human experiencing on formal level of openness to the world. According to him the fundamental modes of human experiencing in real sense are aesthesis and kinesis, what means certain formal emptiness, and at the same time a transformation. The transformation as a modification and pass-over is the essence of shaping the form. This contribution is concentrated on some of the constitutive elements of the human on pathic level. For as much as perception is not just a pure receptivity, absorbing information through our five senses, it is a manifestation of the self with regard to something what is not in the world yet, and simultaneously an incursion of the world, whose movement points to the other part of human self. The basic moment of becoming the self is an ecstatic openness of Emptiness, which is for Maldiney a measure of distance and spacing. Existence is thus just an open development of a closeness-distance of being.
The object of this research is the relationship of religiosity and Big Five personality traits. Religiosity has been defined as a three-way property (spiritual, intellectual and physical), and for the measurement of religiosity a questionnaire was constructed containing 4 bipolar scales: Dualism, Magical Religiosity, Intellectual Openness and Ritualism. The study group consisted of 260 Polish students of Warsaw universities. Correlation and group comparison were used for the analysis. Groups were distinguished on the basis of the results obtained on a single religiosity scale or the configuration of two scales (religious types). Theists showed the highest neuroticism. People with high magical religiosity, open-minded, non-practicing religion and atheists were the most open to experience. The most agreeable were recipients adopting a dualistic ontology (theistic or magical belief), particularly if they were practicing religion and had a closed-mind. The highest conscientiousness had ritualists, agnostics (compared to the atheists), and the closed magical type (high magical religiosity and a closed-mind structure). Extraversion showed no relationship with any of the religiosity scale – only agnostics showed higher level of this trait at the tendency level in comparison with the atheists.
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