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ACTIVE LABOUR MARKET POLICY EXPENDITURE: WHAT DOES AFFECT IT? EVIDENCE FROM NINE OECD COUNTRIES

100%

Blaževiċ Buriċ S. , Mrnjavac Ž.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

2017

tom 65

nr 9

834 – 855

The principal aim of this paper is to determine which inputs affect active labour market policy expenditure of nine OECD countries. After the theoretical insight, we have conducted an empirical analysis using data from 2000 to 2013 and applied the dynamic Arellano-Bond panel data model. We checked the robustness of our results by revising our dynamic Arellano-Bond model (by excluding correlated and non-significant variables) and comparing the results with the fixed-effects and random-effects data estimation model. Our results show that, from the practical standpoint, the expenditure on active labour market policy measures in the previous year has had the strongest impact on the expenditure in the following period. We have noticed a change in factors that influence the expenditure from the pre-crisis to the post-crisis period. General economic indicators (such as GDP) and labour market indicators play more important role in times of the economic crisis.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SPENDING AND EXPORT PERFORMANCE BY THE TECHNOLOGICAL INTENSITY OF THE PRODUCTS

75%

Bojnec Š. , Fertӧ I.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

2014

tom 62

nr 10

1065 – 1080

This article examines the effects of research and development (R&D) spending on merchandise export by low, medium-low, medium-high, and high technological intensity of the products between OECD countries by panel data econometric approaches using a gravity model. R&D spending is positively associated with merchandise exports, particularly for high technological intensity products in exporting countries. R&D spending can contribute to offsets the effect of distance on merchandise export, except for low technological intensity products. R&D spending fostered catching-up in merchandise export from developing to developed OECD countries in each technological intensity of the products, particularly for high and medium low technological intensity of the products and served in successful import penetration in medium-high and medium-low technological intensity of the products. R&D spending can play important role in strategies of export-oriented industrialization by a shift of merchandise exports towards higher technological intensity of the products and in successful import penetration.