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Transgene expression and gene silencing in cereals

100%

Nadolska-Orczyk A.

Biotechnologia

2006

nr 4

168-180

Genetic transformation of cereal crops is a powerful research tool for analysis of gene function and varietal improvement. Application of the method is possible when the expression of introduced transgene is on the desired level and stable over several generations. The production of transgenic cereals was mainly performed by microprojectile bombardment. However, some advance was also achieved by application of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. For rice, which is the cereal model species, this method is routinely used, while for many others, especially polyploids, it has been developed very recently and only in a few laboratories. We still lack the knowledge whether the main features of Agro-mediated transformation (i.e. integration of one or few copies usually not rearranged and well defined transgene cassette) influence the transgene expression in polyploid cereal species. This review discusses known mechanisms possibly involved in transgene silencing, using both transformation methods. Part of the discussion is focused on transgene expression / silencing in relation to large genomes of polyploid cereals. Another application of genetic transformation, based on RNAi technology (RNA interference), is silencing of selected genes. This could be used to study gene function as well as to induce silencing of the native, single or family genes of cereals. Two strategies of silencing are discussed: a strategy of transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) and posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS).

Comparison of micropropagation methods in Polish cultivars of barley and oat

86%

Kruczkowska H. , Pawlowska H. , Skucinska B.

Biotechnologia

2010

nr 2

83-88

Obtaining transgenic plants in cereal cultivars of agronomic value requires an efficient method of micropropagation which does not cause additional variation. Recently suggested protocols consist in inducing regeneration of multiple shoots from apical meristems of seedlings derived in vitro from mature dry seeds. We have compared the efficiency of three protocols: after Zhang et al. (4), Sharma et al. (8) and Ganeshan et al. (10) in several Polish cultivars of barley and oat. I In the examined cultivars, the protocol after Ganeshan et al. (10) proved to be more efficient, less laborious and faster.

Ekologiczne płyny do układów chłodzenia silników spalinowych

71%

Lorens-Leżoń J. , Leżoń A.

Logistyka

2013

tom nr 4

W artykule przedstawiono niskokrzepnące płyny do układów chłodzenia silników spalinowych w aspekcie ekologicznym. Opisano funkcje i skład płynów chłodniczych do silników spalinowych oraz scharakteryzowano toksyczne składniki wchodzące w ich skład. Przedstawiono wymagania stawiane nowoczesnym płynom do chłodnic z analizą wpływu poszczególnych składników na własności eksploatacyjne płynu. Zaproponowano ekologiczne zamienniki toksycznych składników płynów chłodniczych do silników spalinowych, których stosowanie pozwala na uzyskanie odpowiedniej jakości produktu wraz ze znaczącym zmniejszeniem jego technicznego kosztu wytworzenia.

The article presents antifreeze fluids for engine cooling systems in the ecological aspect. Describes the functions and composition of the engine coolant for internal combustion engines and characterized the toxic components constituting them. Presents the requirements of a modern radiator fluids with analysis of the impact of individual components on the operational efficiency of fluid. Proposed ecological substitutes for toxic components of engine coolants, whose application is enough to get appropriate product quality with a significant reduction in the technical cost of production.