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PL
Celem przeprowadzonych badań było określenie sum ważonych pierwiastków kwadratowych koncentracji względnych makro- i mikroelementów (według Czarnowskiego) w roślinach wodnych z gatunków Nymphaea alba L. i Nuphar lutea (L.) Sibith. & Sm., pochodzących z 14 jezior Pojezierza Leszczyńskiego. Wartości sum ważonych mieszczą się w zakresie od 13,2 do 13,8 dla Nymphaea alba L. oraz od 13,5 do 14,0 dla Nuphar lutea (L.) Sibith. & Sm. Z powodu wysokich zawartości wapnia i sodu w liściach badanych roślin, sumy ważone przekraczały wartość 12,5, podawaną przez Czarnowskiego. Istotna, ujemna korelacja między zawartościami względnymi potasu i wapnia świadczy o wzajemnym antagonizmie tych kationów. Z kolei dodatnie korelacje pomiędzy potasem i azotem, magnezem i cynkiem, kadmem i ołowiem, żelazem i miedzią, żelazem i glinem, glinem i manganem, kadmem i manganem, kadmem i niklem, kadmem i cynkiem oraz niklem i cynkiem potwierdzają możliwość wystąpienia oddziaływań synergistycznych.
EN
In the paper the cationic equilibrium in the leaves of aquatic plants Nymphaea alba L. and Nuphar lutea (L.) Sibith. & Sm. was studied according to Czarnowski method. Plant material was collected in 25 sites from littoral of fourteen eutrophic lakes of Pojezierze Leszczyńskie in West Poland. After the leaves had been cleaned, dryed and pulverized, the concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S, Fe, Sr, V, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cd, Al, Co, Pb, Zn, and Ba in them were determined. Next, the relative concentrations of the examined elements (concentration of each element in relation to the sum of all elements) and their relationships were calculated. The values of weighed sums of square roots of the relative cation concentrations in Nymphaea alba L. and Nuphar lutea (L.) Sibith. & Sm. varied from 13.2 to 13.8 and from 13.5 to 14.0, respectively. These values were higher than 12.5 given by Czarnowski because of high calcium and sodium concentrations. Significant positive correlations between relative concentrations of potassium and nitrogen, magnesium and zinc, cadmium and lead, iron and copper, iron and aluminium, aluminium and manganese, cadmium and manganese, cadmium and nickel, cadmium and zinc, as well as nickel and zinc were found, which proves the evidence for existence of synergism between these ions. However, substantial negative correlation between potassium and calcium testified to antagonism between these cations.
EN
This study presents the results of studies on the chemical composition of rhizomes of Nuphar lutea which were carried out from July 2006 to November 2007 (the samples were collected at two-week intervals from March to November 2007). The first indication of the start of the growing season was the growth of leaves in the apical part of the rhizomes. Clearly visible signs that marked the beginning of the growing season were unfolding of leaves, which became arrow-shaped. The leaves had already unfolded and were arrow-shaped (saggitate) on April 10th when the temperature of the bottom water layer was 7oC. It may be assumed, therefore, that the growing season began between the 28th March and 10th April 2007. The phosphates, nitrates, sodium, calcium, total iron and sulphates levels in the rhizomes declined just after the growing season had started. The total nitrogen content remained at a constant level whereas the amount of dissolved silica increased. Considerable changes in the macroelement contents were noted when Nuphar lutea was in full bloom (10th-24th June). The macroelement contents presented in the tables and diagrams were expressed on a dry matter basis. An additional table illustrates the macroelement contents expressed on a fresh matter basis. The problem of collecting rhizomes of polycormic plants is discussed.
EN
Concentration of heavy metals and macronutrients were measured in water, bottom sediments and in theleaves of Nymphaea alba and Nuphar lutea sampled from fourteen eutrophic lakes in West Poland. The concentrations of macro- and microelements in examined plants differ significantly and depend on chemical properties of the water and bottom sediments. These dependence are confirmed by calculated significant correlations. Strong positive correlations were found between concentrations of Ba, Co, Mn, and Cu in Nymphaea alba as well as Sr in Nuphar lutea and concentration of this element in environment, indicating the potential of examined plants for monitoring for these metals.
EN
This study presents the results of monitoring studies carried out to determine the chemical composition of Nuphar lutea in two phytocoenoses of Nupharo-Nymphaeetum albae Tomasz. 1977 occurring in two lakes of different trophic types (eutrophic Lake Łaśmiady and oligo-humotrophic Lake Pływające Wyspy). The leaves (collected starting in May), rhizomes and roots of Nuphar lutea as well as water and sediment samples were collected from March to November in the above phytocoenoses (for 3 years in Lake Pływające Wyspy and for 4 years in Lake Łaśmiady). The samples were analysed for several parameters including: phosphate, nitrate, total nitrogen, potassium, sodium, calcium, total iron, sulphate and silica dissolved. In addition the manganese, cadmium, zinc and lead contents were determined in the leaves, rhizomes and roots of the plants collected in July (at the height of the growing season). It was found that the differences in the chemical composition of water and sediments between the lakes studied were more pronounced than in the case of leaves, rhizomes and roots of Nuphar lutea.
PL
Określono możliwości wykorzystania roślin o liściach pływających w monitoringu skażenia środowiska wodnego metalami (Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sr, Zn i V). Zawartości badanych metali oznaczono za pomocą atomowego spektrometru emisyjnego z plazmą wzbudzoną indukcyjnie w wodzie, osadach dennych i liściach pływających Nymphaea alba L. i Nuphar lutea (L.) Sibith. & Sm. z 14 jezior Pojezierza Leszczyńskiego. W celu określenia zdolności grzybieni białych i grążeli żółtych do pobierania badanych metali z osadów dennych, policzono ich współczynniki bioakumulacji. Dla obu badanych gatunków, największe wartości osiągały współczynniki kumulacji Cd oraz Co i Cr. W przypadku Ba, Sr i Zn zanotowano istotnie wyższe współczynniki kumulacji dla Nuphar lulea niż dla Nymphaea alba z tych samych stanowisk. Istotne, dodatnie korelacje pomiędzy zawartością Ba, Cr, Co i Sr w Nymphaea alba oraz Ba, Cr, Co i Cu w Nuphar lutea, a ich zawartością w wodzie lub w osadach dennych, świadczą o możliwości wykorzystania badanych roślin w kontroli zawartości wymienionych metali w środowisku.
EN
The possibilities of using some nymphaeids in biomonitoring of metals were determined. The concentrations of Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sr, Zn, and V were determined with Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrophotometry - ICP (Spectroflame SIMSEQ) in water, bottom sediments and floating leaves of Nymphaea alba and Nuphar lutea sampled from 14 lakes of Leszczyńskie Lakeland. Examined plants contained elevated levels of Cd, Co, Cr, and Pb and were characterized by high ratio for these metals, especially for Cd as well as Co and Cr. Test-t indicated that from the both species Nuphar lutea accumulated much more Ba and Sr and showed higher accumulation ratios for Ba, Sr, and Zn than Nymphaea alba. Significant, positive correlations between concentrations of Ba, Cr, Co, Cu, and Sr in plants and concentrations of these elements in water or sediment suggest that Nymphaea alba and Nuphar lutea may be useful as an indicator of examined metals in the environment.
EN
Concentration of heavy metals and macronutrients were measured in water, bottom sediments and in the leaves of Nymphaea alba and Nuphar lutea sampled from fourteen eutrophic lakes in West Poland. The concentrations of macro- and microelements in examined plants differ significantly and depend on chemical properties of the water and bottom sediments. These dependences are confirmed by calculated significant correlations. Strong positive correlations were found between concentrations of Ba, Co, Mn, and Cu in Nymphaea alba as well as Sr in Nuphar lutea and concentration of this element in environment, indicating the potential of examined plants for monitoring for these metals.
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2004
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tom 55
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nr Supl.
177-183
PL
Oznaczono zawartości żelaza i manganu w wodzie, osadach dennych i liściach Nymphaea alba L. i Nuphar lutea (L.) Sibith. & Sm. z 14 jezior Pojezierza Leszczyńskiego. Na tej podstawie określono stosunek żelaza do manganu w liściach badanych roślin oraz przeanalizowano zależności między zawartością badanych mikroelementów w środowisku i w roślinach.
EN
The aim of this investigation was to determine the concentrations of iron and manganese in water, bottom sediments and leaves of Nymphaea alba L. mdNuphar lutea (L.) Sibith. & Sm. from 14 lakes of Pojezierze Leszczyńskie with Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrophotometry - ICP (Spectroflame SIMSEQ. The concentrations of investigated metals in water and bottom sediments do not surpassed background levels. Also in the leaves of Nymphaea alba and Nuphar lutea, the iron and manganese contents were within ranges, typical for macrohydrophytes from unpolluted areas. Mean Fe:Mn ratio in leaves of Nymphaea alba and Nuphar lutea were estimated at 0.49 and 0.43, respectively, but no toxic effect of manganese were observed. Significant, positive correlations between concentrations of iron and manganese in plants and concentrations of these elements in water or sediment suggest that Nymphaea alba and Nuphar lutea may be useful as an indicator of metal accumulation.
EN
In situ decomposition of the hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum L.), the buckbean (Menyanthes trifoliata L.) and leaf blades of the yellow water lily (Nuphar lutea L.) was studied with the litter bag method in three small mid-forest lakes of different pH and nutrient content. Time course of decomposition and of nutrient release from decomposing plant material was best fitted with a logarithm approximation and not by usually used exponential fit. pH of lake waters strongly affected decomposition rates of C. demersum and M. trifoliata. No effect of nutrient concentrations in lake water or in plant tissues on decomposition was noted for any of the analysed plants. Organic carbon deficit is speculated as a possible reason for the observed pH effect on decomposition rates. Modification of particulate and soluble N:P ratios are underlined as a consequence of different N and P release from decomposing plant material.
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