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Marked contrast in wind-driven upwelling on the southeastern Nova Scotia coast in July of two years differing in ENSO conditions

100%

Scrosati R. A. , Ellrich J. A.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

2020

tom Vol. 49, No. 1

81--87

Upwelling occurs on several coasts of the world, but it has mostly been studied on eastern ocean boundaries. We investigated upwelling on a western ocean boundary for which limited information exists. Using daily in-situ data on sea surface temperature (SST), we found a marked contrast in coastal cooling between July 2014 (pronounced) and July 2015 (weak) at two locations 110 km apart on the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia, Canada. These findings are consistent with a marked interannual difference in wind-driven upwelling. On the one hand, southwesterlies (which cause upwelling on this coast) were more frequent in July 2014 than in July 2015. On the other hand, Bakun's upwelling index (which is based on wind data and geographic information) indicated that coastal upwelling was more common and intense in July 2014 than in July 2015, while the reverse was true for downwelling. Interestingly, a strong El Niño event occurred in July 2015, while no El Niño (or La Niña) conditions happened in July 2014. In a recent book evaluating upwelling systems around the world, the system that is the focus of the present study was not included. Therefore, our findings should stimulate future research on upwelling on the Atlantic Canadian coast, in that way helping to further develop the knowledge base for western ocean boundaries.

Krzewienie polskiej kultury i języka jako powszechny ruch rewitalizacji i rozwoju

86%

Urbaniak T.

Zeszyty Naukowe PUNO

2015

nr 3

237-244

Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, is home to one of Canada’s oldest Polish communities. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Polish immigrants settled in most of the coal and steel towns of the region, joined by a smaller number of more recent arrivals. The centre of the region’s Polonia is the multicultural neighbourhood of Whitney Pier, home to St. Mary’s Polish Church and the Polish Village Hall, both of which are officially designated as heritage landmarks. Cape Breton’s Polonia, although a relatively small minority of the region’s population, maintains its identity and cohesiveness, despite the collapse of the coal and steel industries and the region’s overall declining population and high unemployment. This paper examines the processes of Polish-language loss and preservation over four generations. It also examines new learning methods and techniques presently being considered as part of a program of cultural and linguistic preservation and outreach, including learning models employed by other at-risk languages in Cape Breton, such as Scottish Gaelic. This paper explores how such efforts can contribute to a larger attempt to foster viable, locally driven community economic development (CED) initiatives. What suite of public policies and development priorities would aid and complement such work? This study will be of interest to Polish linguistic and cultural educators in other longstanding Polonia communities that are situated outside major metropolitan centres.