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The Effects of Participation in European Competitions on the Domestic Competitiveness of Polish Football Clubs

100%

Kościółek S.

nr nr 3

81-92

Objective: The objective of this study was to establish whether participation in European football competitions affects the sports performance of Polish football clubs in the domestic league. Accordingly, negative shortterm effects and positive medium-term effects were hypothesized.Research Design & Methods: Based on the case of Polish Ekstraklasa, observations covering a 10-year competition period (seasons 2011/12 to 2020/21) were tested in regression models that included the league points and positions in the table as dependent variables and participation in the European UEFA competition and promotion to the group stage as explanatory variables.Findings: The results revealed that if a Polish football club competes in European competitions, there are neither negative consequences for its domestic competitiveness in the short run nor positive consequences in the medium-term period.Implications & Recommendations: Every season, football teams throughout Europe make an effort to internationalize themselves through UEFA competitions. This study demonstrates to sports managers that, contrary to common belief, engaging limited resources of football clubs outside the top leagues to compete in two competitions simultaneously has neutral effect.Contribution & Value Added: To date, researchers have been interested in determining the influence of international competitions on the level of competitive balance. This is the first study on the impact of participation in European UEFA competitions on sports performance in domestic leagues outside Western Europe. (original abstract)

Innovative Development of Countries in the Context of Global Economic Imbalances

84%

Shkurat M. , Temerbek A.

nr nr 4

49-60

The paper emphasises the fact that innovation is a driver for development and a leading factor in economic growth and ensuring a high level of competitiveness. The impetus for further development is given to those countries that already have a sufficient innovation level of the economy. The aim of the research is to determine the role of innovative development of a country in its economic development and competitiveness of the national economy. The world's leading countries now face the challenge of building a competitive economy, so the dynamics of positioning countries in the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) and Global Innovation Index (GII) has been provided and the view that innovation plays an important role in the country's development and the formation of its competitiveness confirmed. The authors have distinguished groups of countries by systematising the places they occupy. Furthermore, they have identified features of innovation strategies of the countries in the proposed groups. The paper also suggests integrated assessment of innovation and economic deve-lopment of countries, which allows to determine their level, trace the dynamics and determine the relationship between innovation and economic development for every country. Additionally, the study has shown a relationship between the level of innovation and economic development for all countries under analysis. However, there is a difference in the degree of this relationship, which is higher for developing countries. Thus, it is expedient for these countries to pursue an active innovation policy to increase the level of economic development. Despite the fact that developed countries have more opportunities for active development of the innovative component in the national economy, their indicators in innovation and high-tech industries are declining and developing countries come to the fore. (original abstract)

W kwestii nierównowagi zewnętrznej Polski

67%

Knap R. , Nakonieczna-Kisiel H.

nr nr 45

119-130

Celem artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, które zjawisko dokładniej odzwierciedla stan nierównowagi zewnętrznej Polski: międzynarodowa pozycja inwestycyjna czy zadłużenie zagraniczne. W pierwszej części opracowania przedstawiono istotę obu kategorii, w drugiej - tendencje kształtowania się międzynarodowej pozycji inwestycyjnej, w trzeciej - zmiany w poziomie zadłużenia zagranicznego, natomiast czwartą część poświęcono ocenie poziomu nierównowagi zewnętrznej Polski.(abstrakt oryginalny)

The purpose of the paper is to answer which phenomenon better depicts the state of external imbalance of Poland: international investment position or foreign debt. The first part of the paper describes the nature of both phenomena, the second part shows the tendencies shaping international investment position, the third part presents the changes in the level of foreign debt, while the fourth part includes an assessment of the level of external imbalance of Poland.(original abstract)