Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Being at Home in the Early Chalcolithic. The Longhouse Phenomenon in the Brześć Kujawski Culture in the Polish Lowlands

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Czerniak L. , Pyzel J.

Open Archaeology

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2016

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tom 2

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nr 1

EN

The Brześć Kujawski culture emerged in the Polish Lowlands in the second half of the 5th millennium BC. It shares many characteristic features with Chalcolithic cultures of the Carpathian Basin indicating that BKK communities belonged to the wider ‘late Lengyel interaction sphere’. However, there are very striking regional distinctions in the material culture of these communities, which appear to reflect a conscious attempt to emphasize local identity, incorporating both innovation and conservatism. This article focuses on one of the most distinctive features of this culture – trapezoidal longhouses, presented here in the context of astonishingly various and hierarchical settlement system of the BKK. In this respect the iconic character of houses expressed by the uniformity of their form and size, seems to be a deliberate decision that stressed local identity in reference to the LBK heritage as well as other contemporary communities inhabiting the Polish Lowlands in the 5th millennium BC.

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Early neolithic material from małe Radowiska site 27, wąbrzeźno comm., Kujawy-pomerania

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Osipowicz G. , Siewiaryn M. , Wałaszewska M. , Kalinowska M.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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2013

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tom 65

263–291

EN

Site 27 at Małe Radowiska is located in Chełmno Land in the southern part of the Wąbrzeskie Hills. Archaeological excavations in 2007 revealed abundant material related to settlements of the Linear Pottery culture and the early phase of Late Linear Pottery culture. This paper presents the results of research on this material, including analysis of excavated features, technology, morphology and styles of ceramics and flint tools, the functions of flint products, as well as petrographic and stylistic analysis of stone remains

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Początki kultury pucharów lejkowatych na Niżu Polskim

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Kukawka S.

Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia

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2015

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tom 20

277-300

PL

In the article, the author discusses and accepts the need to rejuvenate the chronology of the beginnings of the Funnel Beaker culture in the Polish Plain which should be then dated to about 4200/4100 years BC. While accepting such an approach, the author presents also some of its consequences – e.g. multi-stylistic of pottery and variability of environments inhabited by the earliest Funnel Beaker communities. The article also presents some suggestions concerning the participation of huntergatherers and early agrarian groups in the shaping of this culture in the Polish lowlands. It also raises some questions, which, under the new chronological circumstances, await further archaeometric data and proper discussion.

4

O krzemieniarstwie neolitycznym i neolityzacji ziem polskich – wokół teorii, metod i języka

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Małecka-Kukawka J.

Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia

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2015

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tom 20

301-316

PL

The article is a reflection on the research on the neolithic flint working ongoing in Polish archaeology for over 40 years. Accepting year 1971 as a turning point for the development of a new specialisation, an attempt has been made in the article to assess the impact of the assumptions of the New Archaeology, but also other paradigms, on the study of neolithic flint artefacts. The evaluation was based on the conclusions resulting from, among others, a textual analysis, for the purpose of this article understood as a kind of source of knowledge about more or less consciously accepted theoretical assumptions in studies on flint working, published by various authors, in methods of classifying data in particular, and their position in the process of describing/explaining/interpreting past reality.

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Ceramika z ornamentem pasmowo-grzebykowym z osady kultury pucharów lejkowatych w Poganicach, pow. słupski, stan. 4. Przyczynek do studiów nad kierunkami kontaktów interregionalnych ludności grupy łupawskiej

100%

Wierzbicki J.

Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia

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2015

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tom 20

531-544

PL

During the excavations within the settlement of the Funnel Beaker culture in Poganice, Słupsk county, carried out in the 1970s, two fragments of vessels decorated with band and comb ornament were discovered. This discovery appears to be one of the north-westernmost appearances of such a type of pottery, very common in Chełmno land, and considered to be one of the indicators of the Mątwy group of the Funnel Beaker culture. Their presence at the site of the Łupawa group of the Funnel Beaker culture permits to follow the ways the pottery got into the Łupawa River basin. It might have been via the route along the left side edge of the lower Vistula valley, and further on along the courses of the Wierzyca and Słupia Rivers into Central Pomerania.

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Topory kamienne i siekiera krzemienna z okolic Giecza (pow. średzki wielkopolski, woj. wielkopolskie) w kontekście osadnictwa neolitycznego

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Indycka E.

Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia

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2015

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tom 20

195-204

PL

The aim of the article is to discuss two previously unpublished Neolithic stone axes and a flint one, found in the vicinity of the Archaeological Reserve in Giecz. The artefacts have been discussed in the context of the Neolithic settlement from the area of their discovery.

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Second season of prehistoric investigations in the Qumayrah Valley, Oman

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Białowarczuk M. , Szymczak A.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2018

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tom 27(1)

445-463

EN

In the second field season of the Omani–Polish Qumayrah Archaeological Project, the prehistoric leg of the team conducted investigations of previously discovered lithic sites in the vicinity of Al-Ayn village. This paper summarizes the results of archaeological testing at three open campsites codenamed Qumayrah-Ayn (QA) 2, QA 6 and QA 12. The investigations provided new evidence of intensive Stone Age settlement of the Qumayrah Valley (also known as Wadi Fajj). The data, comprising lithic tools and some shell and stone beads, indicate that the occupation of these sites should be dated to various stages of the Neolithic period.

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Materiały neolityczne i z epoki brązu z Bieszczadów Wysokich. Odkrycia z 2016 roku

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Pelisiak A.

Materiały i Sprawozdania Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego

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2017

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tom 38

237-248

XX

The surface surveys carried out in 2016 in the High Bieszczady Mts. were focused of the massifs of Połonina Caryńska, Połonina Wetlińska, Wielka and Mała Rawka, Wielki and Mały Dział and on the region Wetlina-Moczarne. Field works resulted in discovery of 29 new archaeological sites. Except one of them all the sites come from Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. They are located in various landscapes, first of all on the high altitude Sub-Alpine zones (1000–1300 m a.s.l.). The discovered sites confirms mountain transhumance practiced in the High Bieszczady Mts. during the Neolithic and Bronze Age.

9

Materials of Linear Band Pottery Culture from site 17 in Małe Radowiska, Wąbrzeźno comm., Kujawsko-pomorskie voivodeship

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Osipowicz G. , Balonis-Chyb A. , Pomianowska H. , Wałaszewska H.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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2012

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tom 64

215-267

EN

Archaeological site at Małe Radowska is located in the area of Chełmno Land (Ziemia Chełmińska) within the south part of the so-called Wąbrzeskie Hills (Pagórki Wąbrzeskie). During archaeological activity in the years 2005–2006 numerous artifacts related to the settlement dated to the late phase of the Linear Band Pottery Culture were excavated. The paper presents the results of analysis of identified sources, including research on the nature of stationary objects discovered, technology, morphology and style of pottery, as well as types of flint tools and their function. Also, presented are the results of petrographic and stylistic analysis of stone monuments found and spectrum of species represented there by skeletal remains.

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Mycolic Acids as Markers of Osseous Tuberculosis in the Neolithic Skeleton from Kujawy Region (Central Poland)

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Borowska-Strugiń B. , Druszczyńska M. , Lorkiewicz W. , Szewczyk R. , Ządzińska E.

Anthropological Review

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2014

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tom 77

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nr 2

137-149

EN

The subject of analysis is the male skeleton from a double burial of the Globular Amphora Culture, derived from the Neolithic site at Brześć Kujawski in Kujawy region (central Poland). Within the spine of the individual advanced lesions are observed (destruction of the vertebral bodies, symptoms of the periostitis in the thoracic region) which are characteristic of skeletal tuberculosis. To check whether the observed morphological changes resulted from infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the bone material was tested positively for the presence of mycolic acids, the specific components of the cell wall of pathogenic M.tb bacilli, by mass spectrometry.

11

Evidence of interpersonal violence or a special funeral rite in the Neolithic multiple burial from Koszyce in southern Poland – a forensic analysis

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Konopka T. , Szczepanek A. , Przybyła M. M. , Włodarczak P.

Anthropological Review

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2016

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tom 79

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nr 1

69-85

EN

This study uses anthropological and forensic medical analyses to determine the cause of fractures found in the remains of 15 individuals buried at a site associated with the Globular Amphora Culture (2875-2670 BC). The intent was to determine the mechanism underlying the injuries and to indicate the types of tools that might have inflicted the blows. The fractures were diversified in their forms, but the majority of the injuries appear to have been inflicted by a flint axe, which is frequently found in graves of the Globular Amphora Culture. Apart from the forearm being severed in one of the victims, all the remaining skeletons showed from 1 to 4 injuries involving solely the skulls. The grave might contain victims attacked by invaders who executed the captives, or else the feature is ritual in character and it reflects the beliefs of the Neolithic community.

12

Archaeological and archaeobotanical data from Malice and Lengyel culture site no. 8 in Kraków-Górka Narodowa (Southern Poland)

88%

Kowalczyk-Matys P. , Kapcia M. , Ostrowski M. , Moskal-del Hoyo M.

Folia Quaternaria

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2021/2022

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tom nr 89/90

19--38

EN

Preliminary data from newly excavated archaeological site no. 8 in Kraków-Górka Narodowa (southern Poland) show that two main phases of Early Neolithic occupation can be distinguished based on pottery finds, one associated with the Malice culture and the other with the PleszówModlnica group of the Lengyel culture. These data are presented along with lithic materials and discussed in the context of the results of the archaeobotanical analysis. Charred plant macro-remains obtained from 18 samples coming from five archaeological features showed that the only cultivated plants documented were two species of cereals: Triticum dicoccum and Triticum monococcum. Wild herbaceous plants were represented by several taxa such as Chenopodium type album, Bromus sp., Echinochloa crus-galli, Sambucus sp. and Fallopia convolvulus, among others. In addition, a single nutshell of hazel Corylus avellana appeared. Among wood charcoal remains, only two taxa were found: Quercus sp. and Fraxinus excelsior.

13

Ryby a rybolov v súdánském mezolitu a neolitu : předběžné výsledky z pohoří Sabaloka

88%

Sůvová Z. , Suková L.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

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2014

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nr 13

61-67

EN

Several thousands of fish remains were excavated by the mission of the Czech Institute of Egyptology (Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague) at Jebel Sabaloka (West Bank) in 2011–2012. The fish bones came from two sites: 1) Fox Hill (Mesolithic and Neolithic), 2) Sphinx (Mesolithic), and were obtained by both standard excavation and sieving. Altogether, fourteen fish families were determined in the assemblages. The most common taxa were the Nile perch (Lates niloticus) and silurids (esp. Synodontis, Clarias and Bagrus), and also Alestiidae and Citharinidae. The assemblage from the Mesolithic settlement at Sphinx contained more open-water elements than the Mesolithic and Neolithic site of Fox Hill, where shallow- water taxa were also abundant. The majority of the finds were vertebrae.

14

Plant remains from the Late Neolithic settlement of Polgár-Bosnyákdomb

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Moskal-del Hoyo M. , Lityńska-Zając M.

Folia Quaternaria

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2016

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tom nr 84

85--98

EN

Charred plant remains were recovered at the Polgár-Bosnyákdomb site dated to the Middle Neolithic period (the Tisza–Herpály–Csőszhalom culture), corresponding to the first half of the Vth millenium BC. Among cultivated plants found as dispersed within the archaeological features and in daub pieces, remains of emmer wheat Triticum dicoccon were the most frequent. Also, leguminous plants were used as demonstrated by seeds of lentil Lens culinaris. Among wild herbaceous plants, taxa of field and ruderal habitats prevailed (Chenopodium type album, Galium spurium, Polygnum mite and Bromus sp.) as well as those coming from dry grasslands (Stipa sp.). The analysis of charcoal remains showed that mostly wood belonging to Quercus sp., Ulmus sp. and Cornus sp. were collected as firewood from the proximity of the settlement, mainly from oak-dominated wooded steppes developed on the elevated surfaces and floodplain forests from the seasonally flooded alluvium. The most frequently found plant remains (Cornus sp. wood and Stipa sp. awns) were dated with the means of radiocarbon analysis and the chronology showed their use at the end of the settlement, toward the middle of the Vth millenium BC.

15

The Neolithic vs. the Mesolithic in Southern Poland: Is Everything Known Yet?

88%

Nowak M. , Zając M. , Zakrzeńska J.

Światowit

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2020

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tom 59

47-77

EN

According to a common belief, southern Poland was a typical area of Early Neolithic settlements which was rarely exploited and even ignored by Mesolithic communities. However, the prehistoric reality was more complex. Indeed, the zones largely omitted by the hunter-gatherers were fertile loess uplands and foothills settled by the first Neolithic farmers (Linear Band Pottery culture) in the third quarter of the 6th millennium BC. However, such ecological zones are by no means the only or even predominant zones within the territory in question. Areas with other ecological conditions, mainly those close to the Polish Lowland, yielded surprisingly numerous remains of Mesolithic settlements, including late Mesolithic ones. Radiocarbon data makes it clear that the Late Mesolithic communities coexisted with their Neolithic counterparts. However, the temporal dimension of this coexistence remains a debatable and controversial issue. Nevertheless, it is highly probable that the late hunter-gatherers would use ‘their own’ pottery also in southern Poland. Similarly to many other European regions, the anthropological and historical interpretations that describe and explain the interactions between early farmers and late hunter-gatherers in southern Poland (as well as archaeologically discernible transformations within the latter group) are difficult to construct. It is even more difficult to assess the role played by hunter-gatherers in the neolithisation of this territory. This paper presents and analyses the relevant chronological, chorological, settlement, and typological data. As a result, the hypothesis that the hunter-gatherer communities were but ‘passive’ witnesses to the first neolithisation and functioned independently at least throughout the entire Neolithic period was considered most probable.

16

Byki, uczty i kozioł ofiarny. René Girard i jego uczniowie w Çatalhöyük

88%

Marciniak A.

Rocznik Antropologii Historii

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2013

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nr 2(5), Genealogie kultury

169–184

XX

The paper discusses the interpretation of representative art from the Neolithic settlement at Çatalhöyük presented by R. Girard and his disciples. To this end, the author applied the mimetic theory referring to the mechanism of scapegoating. The main subject of analysis are the narrative scenes depicting wild animals and numerous figures of people, shown in murals decorating the walls of domestic buildings during the last period of the settlement’s existence. The paper also offers a critical evaluation of the findings in the light of changes in the social and religious sphere during over a thousand years of the settlement’s existence.

17

„Jaskiniowcy z Youtuba”. Fenomen kanałów prezentujących rozwój technologiczny w „pradziejach”

88%

Grupa M. , Nalaskowski F.

Raport

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2019

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tom 14

129-135

EN

The text presents the phenomenon of YouTube channels dedicated to recreating the life of primitive man. The prototype was David Malina from Australia, who launched the Primitive Technology channel in 2015. He went to the forest taking nothing but camera and shorts with him. For his viewers, he re-created the “technologies” available to ancient cultures. Imitators have quickly occurred. Currently, there are over 30 channels on YouTube, that are based on David’s original. The text characterizes these channels, critiques by, both, highlighting strengths and indicating the potential for use for purposes other than YouTube entertainment.

18

Przejawy życia duchowego w neolicie. Antropomorficzna plastyka figuralna z Raciborza-Studziennej

88%

Sobkowiak-Tabaka I. , Bobrowski P. , Kurgan-Przybylska M. , Anioła M.

Archeologia Polski

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2014

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tom 59

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nr 1-2

187-207

EN

The authors discuss one of the most numerous sets of anthropomorphic figural art objects from the territory of modern Poland, discovered at site 150 in Racibórz-Studzienna. Six figurines are described in detail and their context and chronology analyzed. The function and importance of female anthropomorphic figurines from Racibórz-Studzienna is considered in comparison with analogous finds from Neolithic sites in central and southeastern Europe, Anatolia and northern Africa.

19

Local and imported pottery in the Neolithic Gulf: a new perspective from the site of Bahra 1 in Kuwait

88%

Smogorzewska A.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2016

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tom 25

595-617

EN

The paper presents a new perspective on pottery traditions in the Gulf during the Neolithic period, based on new data from the Ubaid-related site of Bahra 1 in Kuwait. The site yielded an assemblage containing several different pottery types, classified as Ubaid Ware and Coarse Red Ware. These pottery groups were varied in many aspects: morphological types, technology, and provenance. Their main characteristics and cultural context are discussed, as well as the cross--pottery connections. The significance of these ceramic vessels for the Gulf population and their socio-economic context are also considered in this paper, given the new evidence from Bahra 1

20

Analiza mineralogiczno-petrograficzna i technologiczna fragmentów naczyń ceramicznych kultury ceramiki wstęgowej rytej ze stanowiska Zagórze 2, gm. Niepołomice

88%

Rauba-Bukowska A.

Raport

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2016

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tom 11

7-22

EN

This study presents the results of examinations of 21 fragments of ceramic vessels from Zagórze site 2, Niepołomice commune. These vessels date back to the older, Zofipole phase of the Linear Band Pottery Culture. Results of the analyses indicated that most vessels were made of a local alluvial raw material. Some vessels were made of a different raw material which demonstrates a lot of features convergent with vessels found in Mogiła (Cracow) and Modlniczka, Wielka Wieś commune. Technologically, all examined vessels do not divert from previously established basic types of ceramic mass. Interdependences between the types of ceramic mass and morphology, and the function of vessels observed in the classic phase of the Linear Band Pottery Culture have not been confirmed in the studied assemblage of vessels.