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EN
The occurrence of nematodes in the alimentary tract of great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo (L., 1758) nestlings was studied in the Włocławek Reservoir located on the Vistula in central Poland and in adult birds wintering in the south of Poland, with the food base in the upper Vistula. Mixed (max 4 species) nematode infections were found in all birds. Apart from Contracaecum rudolphii Hartwich, 1964 found in all studied birds, the third- and fourth-stage larvae as well as adult individuals of the following species were also present: Eustrongylides excisus Jägerskiöld, 1909, Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809), Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802), Desmidocercella numidica Seurat, 1920, Synquaria squamata (Linstow, 1883), Cosmocephalus obvelatus (Creplin, 1825), Baruscapillaria carbonis (Dubinin et Dubinina, 1940). The overall mean intensity of infection with nematodes was 23.4 ± 11.6 in nestlings and 175.7 ± 110.9 in adult cormorants. The most common species was C. rudolphii with the mean infection intensity of 12.5 ± 5.9 in nestlings and 154.6 ± 111.4 in adults. The second most common species was E. excisus. S. squamata, C. obvelatus and D. numidica were less common in both age groups. A. simplex and H. aduncum were found only in nestlings, while B. carbonis only in adults.
EN
The results of the study indicated that there are differences in the activity of hydrolases depending on the development stage of the parasite and the season of the year. Twelve hydrolases were confirmed to be active in excretion-secretion (ES) products of larvae collected in fall, while nine were active in spring. The activity of hydrolase from the extracts of fall samples was most often higher than in spring. Eight active hydrolases were confirmed in mature specimens both in spring and fall, and they exhibited a lower activity level than the ES products of larvae. However, the activity of enzymes was higher in mature specimens than in larvae in the extracts from both spring and fall samples.
EN
Parastrongyloides trichosuri Mackerras, 1959 is one of the most common parasites of Australian possum Trichosurus vulpecula and is considered a candidate for biological control of brushtail possums in New Zealand. Infective larvae of P. trichosuri penetrate the skin of possums and develop in the small intestine into males and females. Adult females produce eggs giving rise to free-living males and females. In most cases the progeny of the free-living adults develop into filariform infective larvae. Frequent aeration of faecal cultures and a temperature range of 23-26°C seems to be important for the development of free-living adults and filariform infective larvae. Infective larvae have limited ability to migrate and do not survive long when exposed to sun or dessication. They avoid intensive light but respond positively to dispersed light. Infective larvae responded positively to increased (up to 39°C) temperature and water movement.
EN
Redescription of Chronogaster boettgerii Kischke, 1956 is provided. The male of this species was found for the first time, and herein is described and illustrated. Chronogaster boettgeri Kischke, 1956 is distinguished by its amphids circular at the surface and forming a single spiral with a dorsal break, presence of 3 caudal glands arranged in tandem, absence of lateral longitudinal lines, lack of vacuolated lateral glandular bodies, tail tip of female with single, almost ventral and straight mucro; male is distinguished by tail terminus devoid of mucro and absence of tuboid preanal supplements.
EN
Onchocerca jakutensis was noted inside nodules situated in subcutaneous connective tissue of red deer shot in forests of the region of Olsztyn and in the Lower-Silesian Forest. The paper contains a redescription of this species on the basis of materials from Poland and the Caucasus.
EN
Laboratory-reproduced and bred asps were experimentally infected with Contracaecum rudolphii larvae, either directly or with previously infected copepods. In the fish exposed to larval infection, the intensity and prevalence of infection were noticeably higher than in the group exposed to copepods. The course of larvae development was similar in both groups. In the larvae measuring ca. 1000 μm in length, the gastrointestinal tract with a developed ventriculus, ventricular appendix and intestinal caecum was clearly visible. The mouth was surrounded by three lips. Over the 10-week experimental period, slightly-coiled larvae surrounded with a thin theca but no encysted larvae were found in the fish exposed to larvae. On the other hand, spirally-stranded and encysted larvae were observed after the 7th week in the fish exposed to infected copepods. The results demonstrated that in the experimentally infected asps, the intensity and prevalence of infection as well as the location of the larvae in a fish depended on the type of invasive material applied.
EN
Traditional classification of the nematodes, based on morphological-ecological characters was evaluated in the context of molecular analysis of systematic taxons, with special regards to ascarids. Division of superfamily Ascaridoidea into 4 families (Heterocheilidae, Ascarididae, Anisakidae, Raphidascarididae) proposed by Fagerhholm (1991) seems to be proved by the molecular data of Nadler (1992, 1995) and Nadler & Hudspeth (1998).
EN
In order to provide the first comparative source of nematofaunal data at the oxic/anoxic interface off the Sinop Peninsula, the southern Black Sea, a survey of meiofauna and nematode fauna was conducted in August 2011 aboard the exploration vessel (E/V) Nautilus with ROV during the Black Sea Expedition NA012. Higher meiofaunal taxa and nematode composition were investigated. Free-living marine nematodes were the most abundant group at each site. A total of 84 species were found, belonging to 23 families. The suboxic zone was dominated by the nematode Trefusia aff. longicauda (42%). This is the first record of the genus Trefusia De Man, 1893 for the Black Sea. Although many factors are likely to influence the changes in the meiofaunal abundance and the composition of nematode assemblages, we suggest that oxygen reduction indeed affected the meiofaunal abundance and the nematode composition, however, a particular preference of several taxa for extreme conditions may be suggested.
EN
A new species of Mylonchulus Cobb, 1916 is described from Ukraine. Mylonchulus politus sp. nov. is similar to M. andrassyi Loof, 1993 from which it differs by shorter (L = 0.78-1.00 mm vs > 1.00 mm) and relatively wider (a = 26-35 vs a = 35-40) body, smaller buccal cavity (14-19 µm long vs > 20 µm long), shorter tail (28-37 µm vs > 50 µm), shorter spicules in males (32-35 µm vs > 40 µm), vulval lips sclerotization (rectangular vs triangular pieces), longer posterior uterine sac (75-122 µm vs 32 µm).
EN
The fine surface topography of Oesophagostomum columbianum and O. aspersum, the predominant nematode species of goats in India, has been studied by means of SEM. In O. columbianum the anterior end is bent like a hook; the cephalic vesicle is marked behind by a groove; the lateral alae are present throughout the anterior extremity thereby providing a dorsal curvature to the body; the external corona radiata is seen to consist of 20 elements; and the spicules are long and seen as twisted upon each other. In O. aspersion the external corona radiata comprises 12 elements; the vulva and the anus lie behind a constriction at the posterior extremity and quite close to one another. Characters, such as the amphids, cephalic papillae, prebursal papillae, etc., are elucidated for both species.
EN
The first comprehensive meiobenthos study was carried out in Turkey, the Southern Black Sea (Sinop) from August 2009 to July 2010. Sediment samples were collected monthly at eight stations at 3 m and 10 m water depths located on four transects. A metal push core sampler (surface area 12.56 cm2 and length 10 cm) was used to obtain the material. Meiofaunal abundance and composition were examined. The results revealed that the meiofaunal community consists of twenty five higher taxonomic groups. Four groups dominated the community: Nematoda, Harpacticoida, Foraminifera and Polychaeta. Spatial and temporal meiofaunal abundance fluctuated among stations and over time.
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