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EN
The areaswith thick loess covers face the risk of intense soil erosion processes as well as gully erosion. The western part of the Nałęczów Plateau is especially prone to particularly high degree of intensive erosion among the region (denudation hazard. The density of the gully network reaches here up to 10 km/km2. The administrative area of Kazimierz Dolny is under extreme threat of severe consequences of erosion processes which appeared with high frequency and caused significant devastation of infrastructure not only on a national but maybe on a European scale as well. Geological conditions together with surface features favour intensive, secondary and anthropogenically conditioned erosion processes. Already in the historical sources there are mentions about the disastrous consequences of torrential rainfalls in the Kazimierz Dolny region. In such conditions the torrential rainfall waters flow quickly down the gully bottoms of considerable inclinations, concentrating on the bottom of Grodarz river valley. As a result it may lead to flooding or silting of crops, the roads may be destroyed or silted and the properties completely flooded. Taking into account the natural and cultural values of Kazimierz Dolny and its surroundings, as well as the presence of the Kazimierz Landscape Park it is necessary to take urgent steps in order to limit the threats considerably.
EN
The subject of the study is a collective find of three axes discovered in 1964 during excavation research at the multicultural site VII in Klementowice, Kurów commune, Puławy dis-trict, Lublin voivodeship, in the north-western part of the Nałęczów Plateau. Two artefacts (with quadrilateral section and bifacial) are made of banded flint and one (with quadrilateral section) – of Świeciechów flint. These raw materials come from deposits exploited in the Neolithic period in mines of the Świętokrzyski region of the prehistoric flint mining. Despite the existing doubts, these axes should be combined with the Funnel Beaker culture, its southeastern group.
EN
The article analyzed the impact of old (prehistoric, medieval) and modern settlement on the nature of the Holocene alluvial sediments at the bottom of the Bystra valley. It was shown that the transition from peat to mineral deposits was the result of Neolithic farming. Nomadic culture of the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age have helped to stop the denudation slope sand increasing erosion in the bottom of the river valley. Restarting the denudation in the basin and the beginning of accumulation on the Bystra floodplain occurred only in the tenth century. Bystra river basin deforestation in modern times caused catastrophic linear erosion, denudation slopes and speed up the submission of anthropogenic alluvial soils.
EN
The article analyzed the impact of old (prehistoric, medieval) and modern settlement on the nature of the Holocene alluvial sediments at the bottom of the Bystra valley. It was shown that the transition from peat to mineral deposits was the result of Neolithic farming. Nomadic culture of the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age have helped to stop the denudation slope sand increasing erosion in the bottom of the river valley. Restarting the denudation in the basin and the beginning of accumulation on the Bystra floodplain occurred only in the tenth century. Bystra river basin deforestation in modern times caused catastrophic linear erosion, denudation slopes and speed up the submission of anthropogenic alluvial soils.
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