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2 Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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SUBJECTIVE THEORIES OF PERSONAL IDENTITY AND PRACTICAL CONCERNS

100%

Bělohrad R.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

2015

tom 22

nr 3

82 – 301

This paper focuses on three theories of personal identity that incorporate the idea that personal identity is the result of a person’s adopting certain attitudes towards certain mental states and actions. The author calls these theories subjective theories of personal identity. He argues that it is not clear what the proponents of these theories mean by “personal identity”. On standard theories, such as animalism or psychological theories, the term “personal identity” refers to the numerical identity of persons and its analysis provides the persistence conditions for persons. He argues that if the subjective theories purport to provide a criterion of numerical personal identity, they fail. A different interpretation may suggest that they purport to provide a non-numerical type of identity for the purpose of providing plausible analyses of certain identity-related practical concerns. The author argues that the criteria the subjective theories provide fail to capture several of the identity-related concerns. As a result, this interpretation must be rejected as well.

DOUBTING THE TRUTH OF HUME'S PRINCIPLE

84%

Dozudic D.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

2010

tom 17

nr 3

269-287

Hume's Principle (HP) states that for any two (sorted) concepts, F and G, the number of Fs is identical to the number of Gs if the Fs are one-one correlated with the Gs. Backed by second-order logic HP is supposed to be the starting point for the neo-logic program of the foundations of arithmetic. The principle brings a number of formal and philosophical controversies. In this paper author discusses some arguments against it brought out by Trobok, as well as by Potter and Smiley, designed to undermine a claim that HP and its instances (such as 'the number of the forks on the table is identical to the number of the knives on the table if the forks are one-one correlated with the knives') are true. Their criticism starts from distinguishing the objective truth from a weak or stipulated one, and focusing on fictional identities such as 'Hamlet = Hamlet' or 'Jekyll = Hyde.' They argue that numerical identities (as occur in instances of HP) are much the same as fictional identities; that we can attribute them only a weak or stipulated truth; and, consequently, that neo-logicists are not entitled to ontological conclusions concerning numbers they derive from HP and its instances. As opposed to that, the author argues that such a criticism is ill-conceived. The analogy between the numerical and fictional identities is far-fetched. So, relative to such a criticism, HP has more prospects than some authors are prepared to admit.