Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Możliwości ograniczenia emisji NOx w drodze modernizacji pracy energetycznych kotłów pyłowych opalanych węglem i gazem z odmetanowania kopalń

100%

Białecka B.

Gospodarka Paliwami i Energią

|

2000

|

tom nr 3

20-24

PL

Artykuł dotyczy aplikacji metody strefowego spalania węgla i gazu z odmetanowania kopalń w kotle energetycznym w celu zmniejszenia emisji tlenków azotu do atmosfery. W ogólnym zarysie przedstawiono opracowane zasady proekologicznej optymalizacji procesu spalania wybranej instalacji kotłów, zapewniającej obniżenie emisji zanieczyszczeń gazowych.

EN

The application of the multi-zone combustion of cole and mine-gas is discussed in order to diminish the nitrogen oxides emission. The principles of proecological optimization of the choisen boiler installation from the point of view airborne emissions are described.

2

Control of an Exhaust Gas Recirculation system in a diesel tractor engine

100%

Graba M.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Elektryka / Politechnika Opolska

|

2011

|

tom z. 66

23-24

EN

A diesel tractor engine is a nonlinear plant. The recirculation system of the engine is a dynamic MIMO object. This paper presents a concept of adaptive control of Exhaust Gas Recirculation valve (EGR) mounted on a diesel engine.

3

Radiacyjny palnik olejowy z obniżoną emisją NOx

100%

Gizicki W. , Kordylewski W. , Salamon A.

Gospodarka Paliwami i Energią

|

1999

|

tom nr 9

6-9

4

Stratified Charge Combustion Model Including NOx Formation

100%

Lejda K. , Woś P.

Journal of Polish CIMAC

|

2007

|

tom Vol. 2, no 1

313-320

EN

The paper presents a brief of mathematical model describing a two-zone, quasi-dimensional combustion in Diesel engine chamber. In order to simulate NOX emission, the simplified Zeldovitch mechanism was applied in nitric oxide formation model. An outline of the model can also be applied for engines of other types, where stratified charge is formed, e.g. in GDI spark ignition engines. In case of Diesel engines with direct fuel injection, the model includes injection sub-model that allows investigation of injection rate effect on NOX emission. This important advantage may be very useful for pre-fixing injection strategy in Common-Rail systems prior test bed fine research.

5

NOx emission using biodiesel

100%

Kegl B.

Journal of KONES

|

2006

|

tom Vol. 13, No. 4

497-506

EN

Most investigations show that the use of biodiesel results in lower emissions of HC, CO and smoke whereas the emission of NOx increases. For this reason attention in this paper is focused on the possibility to reduce NOx emission when using biodiesel fuel. The experiments are performed on an NA diesel bus engine with direct injection M system. The tested fuels are mineral diesel and domestic biodiesel fuel produced from rapeseed. At first the influences of different fuels on NOx emission are investigated. The analysis of experimentally obtained results is performed at different engine operating regimes with the injection timing prescribed by the engine producer for mineral diesel fuel. The NOx emissions and other engine characteristics with biodiesel are compared against those obtained using mineral diesel. In this way the influences of fuel properties on engine harmful emissions, specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency and engine power are investigated. Furthermore the possibility for reduction of NOx emission without expensive engine modifications is investigated. Keeping this in mind, the optimal injection pump timing is determined. The experimental results show that the retarded injection pump timing is necessary when using biodiesel in order to reduce harmful NOx emission without worsening other engine characteristics. During the experiments, the engine was monitored for possible operation problems and carefully examined after the tests.

6

Development of a DME (dimethyl ether) fueled heavy-duty engine with lean NOx trap

100%

Sato Y. , Tsuchiya T.

Journal of KONES

|

2005

|

tom Vol. 12, No. 1-2

307-315

EN

In recent years, attention has focused on smokeless, sulfur-free dimethyl ethyl (DME) as a clean fuel for heavy-duty diesel vehicles. As a part of its Next-Generation Environmentally Friendly Vehicles Project (EFV21), the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport has developed a heavy-duty truck in the 20-ton class that uses DME as its fuel. A lean NOx trap system (NSR Type: NOx Storage Reduction) has also been developed to achieve the EFV21 NOx target of 0.5 g/kWh, which is only one-fourth of the new long-term regulation value promulgated in 2005 Japan. The optimization of the NSR system's rich spike control, catalyst capacity, etc., has reduced NOx to 0.11 g/kWh, a level that is close to zero.

7

TURBO DIESEL 5 - The new simulator for maritime engineering training

100%

Kluj S.

Journal of Polish CIMAC

|

2012

|

tom Vol. 7, no 2

79-86

EN

The specialized diesel engine simulator named Turbo Diesel 5 is the subject of this paper. The mathematical model simulates an engine operation under various conditions and introduces various defects. This model has been implemented in a software, which is used for teaching of the relation between the diesel engine technical state and its operating parameters. The software can be also used for the maintenance strategy teaching. The most popular marine diesel engine faults like a faulty fuel injector, a leaky cylinder, a worn fuel pump, the broken piston rings, a dirty turbocharger, a dirty air filter, a dirty air cooler (and many others) were simulated. Each fault can be simulated in the certain range which can be observed in the practical operation of marine diesel engines. Not only faults, but also the improper adjustment of the fuel injection advance angle were simulated. First the single faults were simulated and their influence on the NOx emission was analyzed. The simulation research has shown that the interaction of several typical engine faults can cause the NOx emission far above the emission limit defined by IMO MARPOL convention. It has been also observed that the simulation of multiple mixed faults gives in many cases the different results that the simple multiplication of the single faults simulation.

8

Niskoemisyjne techniki spalania - problemy i perspektywy

88%

Hardy T. , Kordylewski W.

Gospodarka Paliwami i Energią

|

2003

|

tom nr 4

13-16

PL

Podsumowano ponad ćwierć wieku rozwoju metod pierwotnych ograniczania emisji NOx z kotłów pyłowych oraz perspektywy ich dalszego rozwoju. Wskazano na ograniczenia niskoemisyjnych technik spalania zwracając uwagę na problem dużego niedopału. Dużo miejsca poświęcono reburningowi. Przedstawiono nowe techniki spalania z niską emisją NOx.

EN

The present state of the primary methods of reduction of NOx emission from the pulverized coal-fired boilers and prospects for the future progress was discussed. The constructions of the low-NOx combustion systems based on air staging were shown. Special attention was paid to reburning. New combustion technologies of low-NOx emission were considered.

9

Combustion and emissions investigation on low-speed two-stroke marine diesel engine with low sulfur diesel fuel

88%

Yang Z. , Tan Q. , Geng P.

Polish Maritime Research

|

2019

|

tom nr 1

153--161

EN

With the implementation and expansion of international sulfur emission control areas, effectively promoted the marine low sulfur diesel fuel (MLSDF) used in marine diesel engines. In this study, a large low-speed, two-stroke, cross-head, common rail, electronic fuel injection marine diesel engine (B&W 6S35ME-B9) was used for the study. According to diesel engine’s propulsion characteristics, experiments were launched respectively at 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% load working conditions with marine low sulfur diesel fuel to analyze the fuel consumption, combustion characteristics and emissions (NOx, CO2 , CO, HC) characteristics. The results showed that: Marine diesel engine usually took fuel injection after top dead center to ensure their safety control NOx emission. From 25% to 75% load working condition, engine’s combustion timing gradually moved forward and the inflection points of pressure curve after top dead center also followed forward. While it is necessary to control pressure and reduce NOx emission by delaying fuel injection timing at 100% load. Engine’s in-cylinder pressure, temperature, and cumulative heat release were increased with load increasing. Engine’s CO2 and HC emissions were significantly reduced from 25% to 75% load, while they were increased slightly at 100% load. Moreover, the fuel consumption rate had a similar variation and the lowest was only 178 g/kW·h at 75% load of the test engine with MLSDF. HC or CO emissions at four tests’ working conditions were below 1.23 g/kW·h and the maximum difference was 0.2 or 0.4 g/kW·h respectively, which meant that combustion efficiency of the test engine with MLSDF is good. Although the proportion of NOx in exhaust gas increased with engine’s load increasing, but NOx emissions were always between 12.5 and 13.0 g/kW·h, which was less than 14.4 g/kW·h. Thus, the test engine had good emissions performance with MLSDF, which could meet current emission requirements of the International Maritime Organization.

10

Calculating method of heavy diesel engines emissions toxicity

88%

Pikunas A. , Bureika G. , Grabys J.

Journal of KONES

|

2005

|

tom Vol. 12, No. 1-2

283-290

EN

The method to calculate harmful compounds of exhausts gases from Diesel engines is presented in this topic. It is believed that vehicles with internal combustion engines in European countries release about 89% of CO, 52% of NOx and 44% of volatile organic compounds of the total amount of pollutants. Therefore, the main Diesel engines pollutants are products of incomplete combustion of fuel and other fuels, i.e. particulates, carbon monoxide CO and hydrocarbons CmHn. There are also large quantities of sulphur oxide SOx compounds, i.e. combustion products of sulphur admixtures. Nitrogen oxides NOx make the main part of poisonous substances released by Diesel engines (about 60%). They are formed during the combustion of the nitrogen contained in the air. The poisonous gases amount dependences on engines regimes are presented. Finally, basic conclusions are given.

11

Development project of a hydrogen fuelled internal combustion engine for heavy duty truck - outline and preliminary test

88%

Sato Y. , Yanai T. , Goto Y.

Journal of KONES

|

2007

|

tom Vol. 14, No. 3

543-549

EN

The hydrogen fuelled internal combustion engine represent a promising solution to the issues of global warming, fossil fuel break point and environmental protection. The development of a hydrogen fuelled internal combustion engine for heavy-duty truck has been being carried out at Hydrogen Energy Research Centre (HERC) of Musashi Institute of Technology and National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory (NTSEL) since FY 2005 in the Next-Generation, Low-Emission Vehicle Development - Practical Implementation Project (EFV21) of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT). As the most important key technology, the development of the common-rail type electronic high pressure hydrogen injectors is performed. Now the development of a hydrogen fuelled engine with 6 cylinders, the total displacement of 7.7 litters, direct injection and spark ignition is about to start. In this paper, the development concept, the characteristics of the injectors, some performance in the engine output power and the effects of nox reduction catalyst ever obtained experimentally by using a single cylinder engine are demonstrated.

12

Effect of engine speeds and dimethyl ether on methyl decanoate HCCI combustion and emission characteristics based on low-speed two-stroke diesel engine

88%

Wang S. , Yao L.

Polish Maritime Research

|

2020

|

tom nr 2

85--95

EN

The combustion and emission characteristics of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) fuelled by methyl decanoate (MD) with different engine speeds and dimethyl ether (DME) mixing ratios are investigated in this work. Engine data of a MAN B&W 6S70MC low-speed two-stroke marine diesel engine were used for the reactor. The results show that a decrease of engine speed has little effect on the in-cylinder temperature and pressure of the engine at constant excess air coefficient of 1.5. Meanwhile, NOx emissions decrease with a decrease of engine speed in pure MD HCCI combustion. The results also indicate that NOx and CO2 emissions decrease significantly with an increase in the percentage of DME in MD and DME mixing combustion at a constant total mole fraction and engine speed of 85 revolutions per minute (r/min).

13

Methodology of an ecological audit in a power object

75%

Varlamov G. , Lubcik G.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Elektryka / Politechnika Opolska

|

2004

|

tom Vol. 295, z. 53

605-612

PL

Omówiono warunki i mechanizmy audytu ekologicznego obiektu energetycznego z wykorzystaniem eksperymentalnie-statystycznego modelu emisji NOx.

EN

Conditions and the mechanism of ecological audit of power object with use experimental - statistical model of emission NOx are examined.

14

Wpływ parametrów paliwa na parametry energetyczno-emisyjne kotłów c.o. małej mocy. Tlenki azotu w kotłach zasilanych peletami drzewnymi

75%

Matuszek K. , Hrycko P.

Instal

|

2015

|

tom nr 1

27--31

PL

W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia emisji NOx z kotłów automatycznych zasilanych peletami drzewnymi. Dla potrzeb analizy zagadnienia emisji NOx wybrano wyniki rzeczywistych badań energetyczno-emisyjnych różnych konstrukcji kotłów c.o. o mocy nominalnej około 20 ÷ 25 kW zasilanych peletami drzewnymi wykonanych na zlecenie klientów w Laboratorium Technologii Spalania i Energetyki IChPW w Zabrzu. Przeanalizowano wpływ zawartości azotu w paliwie, wpływ konstrukcji kotła, jego obciążenia na emisję tlenków azotu.

EN

This paper presents the issues of NOx emissions from automatic boilers fueled by wood pellets. Results from energy and emission tests of various designs of heating boilers 20 ÷ 25 kW output fueled by wood pellets were chosen for the analysis of NOx emissions. These tests were performed on behalf of clients in the Laboratory of Combustion Technology and Power Generation from IChPW in Zabrze. The influence of the nitrogen content in the fuel, the impact of the construction of the boiler and his power output on emissions of nitrogen oxides were analyzed.

15

Wpływ atmosfery wzbogaconej tlenem na emisję NOx z procesu fluidalnego spalania w warstwie cyrkulacyjnej

75%

Czakiert T. , Bis Z. , Muskała W. , Nowak W.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Elektryka / Politechnika Opolska

|

2006

|

tom Vol. 315, z. 56

103-109

PL

Omówiono badania emisji NOx z procesu spalania w atmosferach wzbogaconych tlenem w warunkach cyrkulacyjnej warstwy fluidalnej.

EN

Paper deals with NOX emissions form oxygen-enriched combustion carried out under circulating fluidized bed conditions.

16

Wyznaczanie energii aktywacji i czynnika częstości w procesie pasywnego ograniczania emisji NOx węglowodorami

75%

Kruczyński S. W. , Hofman P.

Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Pojazdów / Politechnika Warszawska

|

2011

|

tom z. 1/82

43--49

PL

W artykule omówiono metody obniżania emisji tlenków azotu NOx silników o zapłonie samoczynnym z wykorzystaniem jako reduktora węglowodorów. Szczegółowo opisano metodę pasywną w której jako reduktor wykorzystywane są węglowodory zawarte w gazach spalinowych, oraz metodę aktywną w której węglowodory dodawane są do gazów spalinowych. Dla każdej z metod wyznaczono reakcję zasadniczą i konkurencyjną, oraz wyznaczono jej rząd i szybkość. Zbadano konkurencyjność reakcji, czyli określono jaka część węglowodorów bierze udział w redukcji tlenków azotu, a jaka jest utleniana. Dla reakcji zasadniczej i konkurencyjnej wyznaczono doświadczalnie energie aktywacji. Zbadanie konkurencyjności reakcji, oraz wyznaczenie energii aktywacji pozwala na porównywanie skuteczności działania reaktorów o różnej zawartości platyny.

EN

The article discusses methods of reducing NOx emissions of CI engines with the use of hydrocarbons. The two methods were described. The passive method uses hydrocarbons contained in the exhaust gas as a reducer. The active method demands additional hydrocarbons which are provided to the exhaust gas. For each method there were determined the basic and competitive reaction as well as rank and rate of the reaction. During the tests the competitive reaction was examined. The part of hydrocarbons which is involved in the reduction of nitrogen oxides, and the rest which is oxidized was estimated. For the basic and competitive reaction the activation energy was determined experimentally. The examination of the competitiveness of the reaction, and the estimation of the activation energy allows to compare the performance of reactors with different platinum content.

17

Niskoemisyjny palnik płaskopłomienny do pieców wysokotemperaturowych

75%

Tomeczek J. , Ochman J. , Góral J.

Hutnik, Wiadomości Hutnicze

|

2007

|

tom Vol. 74, nr 5

265-269

PL

Przedstawiono nową konstrukcję palnika płaskopłomiennego samorekuperacyjnego do pieców grzewczych wysokotemperaturowych, umożliwiającą uzyskanie stężeń tlenków azotu w spalinach w granicach dopuszczalnych. Badania eksperymentalne wykazały, że wykorzystanie gazodynamicznego sposobu obniżania temperatury płomienia GAFT pozwala ograniczyć NOx w spalinach poniżej 140 ppm nawet przy podgrzaniu powietrza spalania do 800 stopni C.

EN

A new design of a flat flame self - recuperative burner for high temperature reheating furnaces, enabling keeping nitrogen oxides below the limits, is presented. Industrial scale experiments have shown, that application of the method of gasdynamic abated flame temperature GAFT enables reduction of NOx in the flue gases below 140 ppm, even for preheating the combustion air up to 800 degree C.

18

Ograniczenie emisji NOx z przemysłowych kotłów parowych metodą SJBS z zastosowaniem wentylatorów strumienicowych

75%

Gramatyka F. , Ostrowski P.

Energetyka

|

2011

|

tom nr 2-3

92-96

PL

Modernizacja instalacji paleniskowej kotła, zakładająca zastosowanie strumienic powietrzno-parowych w układzie dysz OFA (system SJBS), doprowadziła do wyrównania i obniżenia temperatury spalin w górnej części komory paleniskowej oraz umożliwiła redukcję emisji NO, i CO w wyniku lepszego wymieszania substratów spalania oraz doprowadzenia do utworzenia dwóch stref spalania (redukcyjnej i dopalającej). Modernizacja instalacji paleniskowej wpłynęła również na poprawę sprawności kotła poprzez obniżenie straty niezupełnego spalania i zmniejszenie strumienia spalin wylotowych z kotła.

EN

The paper presents the SJBS system as a method of reducing NOx emissions and of optimizing the combustion process in an industrial pulverized coal and gas fired boiler. The solution applied uses steam jet ventilators to feed OFA air into the boiler furnace. Preliminary results of the study of effects of SJBS system use are presented.

19

Selektywna redukcja katalityczna (SCR) tlenków azotu w regeneracyjnym obrotowym podgrzewaczu powietrza

75%

Kułażyński M. , Pronobis M. , Walewski A. W. , Wejkowski R. , Wojnar W.

Rynek Energii

|

2008

|

tom nr 6

82-87

PL

W pracy przedstawiono koncepcję wykorzystania do redukcji emisji tlenków azotu selektywnej redukcji katalitycznej (Selective Catalytic Reduction - SCR) w regeneracyjnym obrotowym podgrzewaczu powietrza (ROPP). Ideą rozwiązania jest zastąpienie części stalowych wypełnień podgrzewacza ceramicznymi o właściwościach katalitycznych. Opisano wyniki badań laboratoryjnych mających na celu dobór nośnika katalizatora oraz wybór i optymalizację samego katalizatora. Przedstawiono wyniki badań redukcji emisji tlenków azotu w instalacji modelowej ROPP w Instytucie Maszyn i Urządzeń Energetycznych (IMiUE) Politechniki Śląskiej oraz wyniki obliczeń cieplnych przykładowego podgrzewacza powietrza BD24/1800 kotła OP 650.

EN

The paper presents the concept of using rotary air preheater (RAH) in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) process. The idea of the method consists in replacing the part of heating elements made of steel by porous ceramic elements coated with a catalyst. The results of laboratory tests resulting in selection of the porous carrier of the catalyst as well as in selection and optimization of the catalyst were shown. The reduction of NOx emission in the semi-industrial scale model of RAH placed in the Institute of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery of the Silesian University of Technology as well as the results of calculation of heat transfer in a typical RAH BD24/1800 from the OP 650 boiler were presented.

20

Analiza możliwości redukcji NOx w systemie opalania baterii koksowniczej

75%

Lajnert R. , Nowicki G. , Pawłowski P.

Karbo

|

2012

|

tom Nr 3

182--190

PL

Przedstawiono tematykę związaną z emisją tlenków azotu z systemu opalania baterii koksowniczej. Omówiono zagrożenia płynące z emisji związków azotu do otoczenia i sposoby tworzenia się tych związków w procesach spalania. Opisano wpływ parametrów procesu spalania na powstawanie NOx, główny mechanizm tworzenia się NOx podczas spalania paliw gazowych i najważniejsze parametry mające wpływ na emisję, czyli współczynnik nadmiaru powietrza, skład spalanego paliwa, temperaturę powietrza do spalania i temperaturę procesu spalania. Przedstawiono metody zmniejszenia emisji NOx ze spalania paliw, zarówno metody ograniczające tworzenie się NOx w samym źródle ich powstawania (tzw. metody pierwotne, źródłowe), jak i metody wtórne, tj. zmniejszające zawartość w spalinach już powstałych tlenków azotu. Zaprezentowano rozwiązania konstrukcyjne kanałów grzewczych ograniczające emisję NOx, takie jak spalanie stopniowe, polegające na etapowym wprowadzaniu powietrza lub paliwa do strefy reakcji i recyrkulacja spalin, czy zawrócenie części spalin do procesu.

EN

Scope of this publication is presentation of problem with nitric oxides emission from coke oven battery heating system. In the first place risks connected with emission of nitric compounds have been presented and there have been described ways of forming of nitric compounds in combustion process. In the next part of the article influence of process parameters on NOx forming, main mechanism of NOx forming during gas fuels combustion and most important parameters influencing level of emission such as excess air number, fuel contents, combustion air temperature and process temperature has been explained. Both, methods limiting NOx amount in source of its forming (primary methods) and secondary methods limiting of already formed contents of nitric compounds have been presented. Emission limiting by flue channels structural solutions such as gradual combustion (which is gradual input of fuel of air to combustion area) and recirculation (input of part of waste gas back to combustion area) has been presented.