The article briefly outlines historical situation and structure of Nomes in the north-eastern periphery of the Nile Delta in the Old and Middle Kingdom. In relation to literary sources, such as the Instruction for king Merikare, the Prophecies of Neferti and the Tale of Sinuhe, the article evaluates the defensive potential of Wadi Tumilat and the Isthmus of Suez. It concludes that one of the Walls of the Ruler could have been in Wadi Tumilat, starting at Tell el-Retaba. The article also presents new military related finds of the 2017 season of the Polish-Slovak mission to Tell el-Retaba into a context of recent research of fortification structures at Tell el-Retaba: new discovered moats, Wall 1, Wall 2 and their gates.
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