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POLISH NATIONAL DANCE AS A VALUE OF CULTURE (Polski taniec narodowy jako wartosc kultury)

100%

Carlos-Machej K.

Edukacja Filozoficzna

2009

nr 48

219-240

In the time of the loss of Polish statehood in 1772 to 1918 years, five dances: polonaise, mazur, cracovienne that is to say krakowiak, oberek and kujawiak gained the status of Polish national dances. Their unprecedented cultural function greatly contributed to the salvation of the tradition and to preservation of the national memory. In those days, Polish national dances constituted not only social, educational and artistic functions but they also integrated the society, and together with the music, literature, theatre, fine arts, architecture, learning, education and philosophy influenced patriotic attitudes and sustained the sense of national bond. National dance can be considered the instrument for the building of the sensibility which contributed to the surviving of the nation and to the preserving of national identity. Being an antidote to the cares and apprehensions, the dance constituted an acceptance of live, gave the hope for the recovery of the sovereignty and played unusually important role in the process of the cultivation and preservation of native culture.

THE BATTLE OF GRUNWALD - SIX CENTURIES OF NATIONAL MEMORY (Bitwa pod Grunwaldem - szesc wieków w narodowej pamieci)

86%

Kosman M.

Przegląd Zachodni

2011

nr 1(338)

105-130

One of the biggest battles of medieval Europe belongs to the leading events in the history of Poland, as it effectively curbed the aggression of the Teutonic Order on the Baltic seacoast. With sword and fire, under the banner of the cross, the Order had established its own state on those lands threatening the Piast Poland. For centuries the Germans perceived this defeat as an end of their 'civilizational mission' and only towards the end of the 20th century they re-evaluated their judgment, their position approaching that of Polish historiography. The defeat of 1410 was compensated for in propagandist terms with a 'second Tannenberg', i.e. a defeat of the Russians on the same site during the First World War. In pre-partition Poland (until 1795) and especially during the reign of the Jagiellonian dynasty, the anniversaries of the victory were celebrated as church and state holidays. In times of national captivity they served the idea of national survival and could be freely celebrated only from the third quarter of the 19th century in the part annexed by Austria, after Galicia had gained autonomy. The 500th anniversary was celebrated on a grand scale in Kraków with the participation - partly in conspiracy - of delegations from the Prussian and Russian partitions. Jubilee celebrations were held on the 550th anniversary (1960) and the 600th anniversary (2010) when the battlefield was within the territory of the Polish state. The character of the celebrations changed as they no longer needed to serve the idea of 'cheering up the hearts'. Recently the anniversaries lost their confrontational edge in shaping the image of Polish-German relations.