Silesia has never constituted a consistent and stable state or territorial administrative unit; it has been a traditional object of international and inter-state relations, a subject of international confrontation. The ethnic mixture of the area anticipates the relations of people of different ethnic groups in various life situations at different levels - personal relations in everyday life in the families, relations with friends and neighbours, inter-group relations at the working process with the colleagues, relations at cultural, social and leisure activities. The study examines interethnic relations in the ethnically mixed area of Czech Silesia. It introduces the ethnic composition of the researched region in the past and in the present. We were interested in the national composition of both the respondents of our survey and their families. The study also tracks the cultural and social life of Silesian citizens of different nationalities. The main attention is paid to the issues of interethnic relations between the citizens of different nationalities, mostly to the relation between the Czech majority and the ethnic minorities – Polish and Slovak. We can investigate the contacts between the people of different nationalities at various levels – families, friends, neighbours, workplace, etc. Vast majority of the surveyed inhabitants of Silesia were not only aware of the ethnic heterogeneity of the region they lived in and oriented themselves well in it, but they had quite a tolerant approach to it, they did not mind it and, on the contrary, they considered it as a significant enriching aspect. Generally, based on the research findings, we can conclude that Silesia, as an ethnically mixed region, is very interesting for its complexity of interethnic relations, so we can investigate the contact between people of different nationalities at various levels – families, friends, neighbours, and workplace. The co-existence of people of different nationalities conditions the formation of the relations of the local inhabitants to their region and to the issues associated with the above-mentioned co-existence. Our research revealed that the people from Silesia are able to accept and to reflect the fact that they live in an ethnically mixed area and the extent, into which they accept the inhabitants of different nationalities, seems to be a significant aspect of the interethnic relations.
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Dostęp do pełnego tekstu na zewnętrznej witrynie WWW
The article deals with the problem of interpretation of the figure of Jozef Pilsudski in Poland at the times of European integration. It presents the process of shaping and evolution of the Marshal's legend from its creation until today. It also describes the attitude of authorities and society towards this figure in different stages of modern history.
From the time of independence, Kazakhstan authorities seek to shape the united people of Kazakhstan. One obstacle in this process is that 95 per cent of the population of Kazakhstan consists of the representatives of seven nations, and an additional difficulty is caused by the cultural diversity of Kazakhs. The article presents the results of analyses designed in order to gather information about the present state of national and historical consciousness of the young Kazakh intelligentsia, its relation to other ethnic groups, the changes taking place in the country and its culture. The results confirm that, despite 20 years of independence, in Kazakhstan there still is a large cultural difference between Russian- and Kazakh-speaking Kazakhs. However, one has to admit that the country after a period of strong influence of Russian culture is increasingly undergoing the process of Kazakhization. This process is irreversible, although Russian elements will still be visible.
The paper is concerned with the contribution of the mission of the Thessalonian brothers Constantine (Cyril) and Methodius for the Slavonic world in terms of three important points: 1) Brothers Cyril and Methodius worked in the Slavonic world as mediators of the cultural values of the Byzantine Empire. 2) They created not only a means of expression in the form of writing, but also a literary language that had not existed before. 3) They created all the conditions necessary for the free development of national Slavonic cultural life and for the formation of the self-consciousness necessary for its continuation. These three points express not only the contribution of Cyril and Methodius to the development of the culture and national consciousness of the Slavs, but also the cultural message of Byzantium to the Slavs.
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