St George Jackson Mivart (1827–1900) became famous in the Catholic Church mainly because of his theory that the human body emerged as a product of evolution, whereas the human soul was given to the first man by God. The aim of this article is to discuss Mivart’s position in ethics. It deals with the controversies Mivart had with Darwinists on various topics: natural selection, the morality of animals and “savages”, and last, but not least, eugenics. It points out that in his critique of Charles Darwin, Mivart was occasionally more focused on the opinions of Thomas Henry Huxley, Herbert Spencer and George Darwin.
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St. George Jackson Mivart (1827–1900) dedicated a great deal of his life to the struggle to prove that the theory of evolution and the Catholic faith are not mutually exclusive. Especially important is his idea that God created the human soul of the first person directly, but infused it into the human body created through secondary causes (i.e. evolution). The aim of this article is to demonstrate how this thesis is connected to the whole of Mivart’s ontology.
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The article presents the constructive approach of John Cuthbert Hedley, bishop of Newport, towards the theory of evolution. It helps us understand the complex discussion in the Catholic Church at the end of the nineteenth century. In reactions to St. George J. Mivart, Hedley manifested great respect towards the famous biologist, but criticized him when entering the field of theology. In contact with John Augustine Zahm, Hedley was initially very supportive, though softening Zahm’s enthusiasm. He later became more reserved and uncertain in his contacts because Zahm’s book was placed on the index of prohibited books.
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