Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Murray Rothbard, najważniejszy austriacki ekonomista?

100%

Machaj M.

Ekonomia. Wrocław Economic Review

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2014

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tom 20

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nr 2

9 - 22

EN

From a certain perspective Murray Rothbard may be seen as the most important Austrian School economist in its hundred and fifty year history. The decisive aspect is how we define an “Austrian economist” — whether we understand it as a historical term in the Viennese tradition, or accepta more modern meaning, associated with the emigrating tradition after the Second World War. In the article we will demonstrate the most important theoretical contributions of Rothbard, which are mostly crucial for the Austrian economics. Along with it we will also attempt to show that they mean a lot for economics in general. In the end, we will describe the vital role Rothbard played in shaping Austrian tradition in the last generations.

2

THE INTEGRATED MAN AS A PRECONDITION OF HONEST BUSINESS

88%

Kłos J.

Forum Teologiczne

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2019

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tom 20

31-46

EN

This paper is an attempt to depict the main preconditions of business, and honest business in particular. The author claims that in a free-market economy business is a kind of encounter between people. If such an encounter is to be effective, there must be provided some legal conditions and the human being must be integrated. By integration it is meant here a coalescence of the intellectual and moral dimensions. Thus business is not only an economic phenomenon, but it is also humanistic and spiritual. If a dishonest person decides to do business, he will ruin all the contracts involved. Therefore contrary to what some authors claim, especially those who naively believe in the sufficient power of formal procedures, the paper holds that any person must be both intellectually and spiritually prepared for economic activity.

3

The methodology of the Austrian school of economics: The present state of knowledge

75%

Wiśniewski J. B.

Ekonomia. Wrocław Economic Review

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2014

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tom 20

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nr 1

39 - 54

EN

This paper is an attempt to systematize the methodological insights and contributions of the Austrian School of Economics and present them in their most up-to-date elaboration, thereby building on the earlier literature on the subject. It aims to improve on the publications listed above in two aspects. First, it takes into account the most recent conceptual developments that address some of the common misunderstandings of the Austrian methodological position, as well as some of its more insightful contemporary criticisms. Second, it organizes the presentation of the relevant material around several clearly specifi ed methodological dimensions, while, in contrast to most of the abovementioned literature, keeping the description of the historical background behind the development of the Austrian method to an absolute minimum, as well as leaving out the non-methodological differences between the ASE and its intellectual rivals, thus aiming to make the presentation in question maximally focused and thematically unified.

4

Prakseologia – wariacje na temat...

75%

Gasparski W.

Prakseologia

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2010

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nr 150

25-34

EN

Contemporary praxiology is to a greater degree variation on a topic of..., as applied to different kinds of human endeavors. It refers to the spirit rather than to a word of the Master’s Praxiology. For some the Master is Tadeusz Kotarbiński, for others Ludwig von Mises, for all Alfred Victor Espinas as the precursor of technologie generale. The instrument the variations are played extensively is Internet. In the article the most characteristic ﬁndings are presented. It is suggested that praxiology is a kind of generative grammar of a “language” of action.

5

Oskar Lange i debata kalkulacyjna. Spojrzenie po latach

71%

Winczewski D.

Studia Krytyczne/ Critical Studies

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2019

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nr 8

140-156

PL

Celem artykułu było przyjrzenie się słynnej debacie Oskara Langego z reprezentantami Austriackiej Szkoły Ekonomii i krytyczna rekonstrukcja argumentów obu stron w świetle współczesnej wiedzy ekonomicznej. Oskar Lange początkowo uznawany za zwycięzcę debaty po krytyce Friedricha Hayeka i upadku realnego socjalizmu stał się przegranym reprezentującym niewłaściwe podejście metodologiczne oparte na dorobku szkoły neoklasycznej w ekonomii. Uważna egzegeza esejów uczestników debaty i nowe koncepcje ekonomiczne pozwalają jednak na zniuansowanie powyższych wniosków. Po pierwsze, Mises nie udowodnił niemożliwości istnienia gospodarki niekapitalistycznej – „obalił” tylko stworzony przez samego siebie karykaturalny model gospodarki socjalistycznej, który nie miał wiele wspólnego z rzeczywistymi propozycjami ekonomistów marksistowskich. Po drugie, argumentacja Hayeka zawiera w sobie niespójności i jak pokazuje współczesna wiedza jej wartość ma dość ograniczony historycznie charakter. Tezy Langego okazały się błędne głównie z powodu zapożyczeń z liberalnej, neoklasycznej teorii ekonomii. Jednak w świetle współczesnej jego ostateczne wnioski, które głoszą, że poprawne funkcjonowanie rynku w gospodarce socjalistycznej jest głównie problemem technologicznym powiązanym z kwestią demokratycznej kontroli nad środkami produkcji, w świetle współczesnej wiedzy wydają się być bardzo aktualne. Wobec tego debata kalkulacyjna wciąż jest otwartą kwestią.

EN

The aim of the article was to look at the famous debate of Oskar Lange with representatives of the Austrian School of Economics and to critically reconstruct the arguments of both sides in the light of contemporary economic knowledge. Oskar Lange, initially considered the winner of the debate after Friedrich Hayek’s critique and the collapse of real socialism, became a loser representing an inappropriate methodological approach based on the achievements of the neoclassical school in economics. However, the careful exegesis of the essays of the main participants in the debate and the new economic concepts make it possible to discount the above conclusions. Firstly, Mises did not prove the impossibility of a non-capitalist economy – he “overthrew” only his own caricatured model of socialist economy, which did not have much in common with the real proposals of Marxist economists. Secondly, Hayek’s argumentation contains inconsistencies and, as modern knowledge shows, its value is historically limited. Lange’s theses turned out to be wrong mainly because of the borrowings from the liberal, neoclassical theory of economics. However, in the light of modern times, his final conclusions that the proper functioning of the market in a socialist economy is mainly a technological problem related to the issue of democratic control over means of production seem to be right in the light of modern knowledge. Therefore, the calculation debate is still an open question.

6

Is the ‘Human Action’ in Human Action Human Action? Mises, Hayek, and Aristotle on ‘Capitalism’ and Human Flourishing

63%

Morgan J.

Studia Gilsoniana

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2019

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tom 8

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nr 4

857-884

EN

Ludwig von Mises’s Human Action is a seminal work of Austrian economics. It sets forth Mises’s theory of the acting person and lays the groundwork for a liberal economic order. But is the “human action” which Mises describes in Human Action really human action? Mises, as well as his colleague Friedrich von Hayek, posits a liberal society in which telos and metaphysics can be elided from human interactions, but such conceptions of the human person are greatly different from the more robust, and humane, anthropologies of Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas. In this paper, I compare and contrast the visions of the human person found in Mises, Hayek, Aristotle, and St. Thomas, arguing that the truly human vision of human action found in the latter two thinkers’ works provides a much sounder basis for human material flourishing (“capitalism”).

7

REDISCOVERING MISES-HAYEK MONETARY AND BUSINESS CYCLE THEORY IN LIGHT OF THE CURRENT CRISIS: CREDIT EXPANSION AS A SOURCE OF ECONOMIC BOOM AND BUST

63%

Mrowiec M.

Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse

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2013

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tom 9

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nr 2

64-74

EN

The article starts with a brief description of Mises’ monetary theory, with emphasis on the Misesian differentiation of two kinds of credit: commodity and circulation credit, and with the description of the impact of circulation credit expansion on the business cycle. Further on it is described how Mises’ insights constituted the kernel of Austrian Business Cycle Theory, and how the same observations on the nature of credit constituted the kernel of the Chicago Plan (though Mises’ views on the nature of credit led him to different conculsions than it led the authors of the Chicago Plan), and how this plan is being “rediscovered” now. The following sections deal with observations of one of the preeminent current macroeconomic researches, Mr. Claudio Borio, on the elasticity of credit as the source of the current crisis, and on the importance of the financial cycle in analysing the current economic crisis. The author of this text demonstrates that Austrian Business Cycle Theory gave the same answer regarding the sources of economic crises that now modern macroeconomic theory seems to be approaching, and that the postulates for successful financial cycle modeling are already included in the ABCT. Finally, some observations on the current crisis, as well as proposals of avenues of further research are proposed.

8

Unified anisotropic strength criterion rank two for fibrous materials like wood

51%

Koczan G. , Kozakiewicz P.

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

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2018

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tom vol. 61, nr 201

119--

EN

Wood is a fibrous orthotropic material additionally characterized with sign- -sensitivity. Thus, determining the universal conditions of its strength constitutes a complex task. In their work, the authors present the anisotropic generalization of the Huber criterion which is closer to Norris’s proposal, as opposed to Hill (and Hofmann) and Mises proposal. The obtained criterion incorporates conditions which are additionally imposed on a special case of Tsai-Wu criterion for composite materials.