Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Human remains from Tomb MMA 514 in North Asasif: preliminary assessment

100%

Campbell R. A.

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tom 27(1)

195-202

EN

Since 2013 the Asasif Project has conducted excavations of several Middle Kingdom tombs in the North Asasif Necropolis under the direction of Patryk Chudzik. Located adjacent to the New Kingdom temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el Bahri in southern Egypt, these tombs were originally excavated in the early 20th century by H.E. Winlock. This article describes the results of a preliminary inventory of the human remains left behind from Winlock’s excavations of one of these tombs, MMA 514, and its associated funerary complex. This tomb was reused at least twice in antiquity after the original interment, and Winlock’s sometimes cursory (by modern standards) excavation methods have produced a highly mixed archaeological assemblage of human and faunal remains as well as archaeological artifacts from various time periods. In 2017, this author joined the Asasif Project for a very brief part of the excavation season to assess the condition and distribution of human remains from Tomb MMA 514. Although the human remains are in various stages of preservation and are highly fragmented, it is possible to identify at least nine separate individuals, ranging in age from infancy to adulthood.

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Human remains from the Tomb of Khety (MMA 508/TT 311) in North Asasif

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Campbell R. A.

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tom 28(2)

157-173

EN

The North Asasif Necropolis, adjacent to the New Kingdom temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el Bahari, has been the subject of several excavations over the past century, first by H.E. Winlock in the early 20th century, and since 2013 by the Asasif Project. Most of the tombs in the necropolis are rock-cut tombs of honored officials dating to the Middle Kingdom. One of these officials, named Khety, was buried in a tomb designated by Winlock as MMA 508 (also known as Theban Tomb 311), though the tomb was subsequently reused for another burial (or burials) during the Third Intermediate Period. Though Winlock excavated this tomb in the early 20th century, he left much archaeological material behind, and systematic documentation of this excavation debris by the Asasif Project has yielded a wealth of information. This study focuses specifically on the human remains recovered from MMA 508 during the 2019 season. Despite the commingled nature of the MMA 508 assemblage, much information has been gleaned from the human remains. The remains of at least twenty individuals, including infants and children as well as adults, were recovered from the tomb debris. Evidence for systemic physiological stress and infection was observed in some of the remains, and both male and female individuals were identified. Various aspects of body treatment testify to the elite status of the individuals interred in this tomb. The relatively high percentage of sub-adult remains may support theories that the tombs in this part of the necropolis were sometimes used as multi-generational family tombs. Further study of the human remains from MMA 508 may shed light on burial practices from the Middle Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period.

3

The tombs of Asasif: archaeological exploration in the 2013/2014 season

100%

Chudzik P.

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tom 24(1)

239-246

EN

In the 2013/2014 season, a Polish team from the University of Wrocław started work in the northern part of the Asasif necropolis, near the Temple of Queen Hatshepsut in Deir el-Bahari. An archaeological survey was carried out on the Asasif slope. Cleaning work and documentation were undertaken of the architecture of four private tombs: MMA 509/TT 312, MMA 512, MMA 513/TT 314 and MMA 514, as well as the archaeological finds thereof. The rock-cut tombs belong to a Middle Kingdom necropolis and were all reused in later times, especially in the Third Intermediate Period and Late Period.

4

Middle Kingdom tombs of Asasif: archaeological activities in 2015

86%

Chudzik P.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2016

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tom 25

289-302

EN

Investigations in the North Asasif necropolis, conducted by a team of Polish archaeologists in 2015, focused on three Middle Kingdom complexes: MMA 508/TT 311, MMA 511, and MMA 517/TT 240. A surface collection of finds from the courtyards was studied and prepared for storage, and artifacts from inside the tombs were documented. The overall picture of illicit penetration of the complexes in later periods and their reuse, mainly in the Third Intermediate Period and the Late Period, is supported by the finds. Moreover, proof of the presence of Coptic monks was found in tomb MMA 517/TT 240.

5

Arktyka : aspiracje Państwa Środka

72%

Elak L. , Śliwa Z.

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tom Nr 1

92--105

PL

Jednym z ważnych obszarów aktywności Chin związanym z ich interesami politycznymi i ekonomicznymi jest Arktyka. Aby móc eksplorować ten obszar, Państwo Środka musi długoterminowo zabezpieczyć swoje interesy oraz zbudować potencjał w innych dziedzinach. Powinno to nastąpić w warunkach ograniczonej obecności wojskowej w co najmniej następnych dwóch dekadach. Konieczne będzie zdobywanie doświadczeń i nowych technologii, pozwalających konkurować w każdym wymiarze z innymi państwami, zwłaszcza z silnie obecną w regionie Federacją Rosyjską. Ze względu na rynek ropy naftowej i gazu państwa, wspierane przez władze, będą dążyły do umocnienia swojej obecności w Arktyce, nawet kosztem innych obszarów, tak by w przyszłości móc czerpać korzyści z odgrywania strategicznej roli w regionie.

EN

One of the most important areas of China’s activity related to its political and economic interests is the Arctic. In order to be able to explore this territory, the Middle Kingdom needs to ensure a long-term security of its interests and build a potential in other areas. This should occur in the conditions of limited military presence during the next two decades, if not longer. It will be necessary to gain experience and new technologies, which will allow to compete with other countries at every level, particularly with the Russian Federation and its strong presence in the region. These countries - due to the oil and gas market - supported by their governments, will be aiming at reinforcing their presence in the Arctic, even at the cost of other areas, in order to take advantage of their strategic role in the region in the future.

6

The unusual writings of the name of the god Duamutef in the First Intermediate Period and the Middle Kingdom

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Semenenko I. , Hereikhanova D.

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nr 28

122-150

EN

The First Intermediate Period and the beginning of Middle Kingdom witnessed many important changes in almost all areas of ancient Egyptian reality. One of the most important innovations is the introduction in the provinces of a vast and diverse corpus of ritualistic texts known as Coffin Texts. Nearly a century long inde pendent development of the provinces and the Memphite region caused some important differences in their funerary culture. Re unification of Egypt by Mentuhotep II quickened the process of the cultural exchange between the provinces and the Memphite region. The study based on the 67 items from the First Intermediate Period and the Middle Kingdom reveals the development of various writings of the name of the canine god Duamutef. The two major writings are highlighted – one normal including the sign, and another cryp tographic, in which the sign is being replaced by the hand signs and later . For the sake of com parison, the evolution of the name of Iunmutef is considered, which performs the similar phenomenon. The paper sets forth the possible reasons for it and traces the subsequent standardization of the divinity’s name during the reign of Senwosret III up to the reign of Autibre Hor I in the early Thirteenth Dynasty.

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Egipt w czasach Abrahama i patriarchów

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Jurczak D.

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2015

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nr 19

9-29

EN

The aim of the article is to bring up the picture of Egypt back in the days of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. The first part of the article is discussing non-biblical sources, as well as archaeological discoveries. In this way we’ll be able to have a quick glance at the ancienthistory of Egypt – the Old and Middle Kingdom to outline the epoch in which it is likely that Abraham, the biblical patriarch, appeared. The second part of the article will present you an image of the old, patriarch-driven Egypt. We want to look at the details provided by the Book of Genesis.

PL

Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie sytuacji Egiptu w czasach Abrahama, Izaaka i Jakuba. Pierwsza część artykułu poświęcona jest omówieniu źródeł ozabiblijnych, a także odkryć archeologicznych. W ten sposób krótko spojrzymy na historię Egiptu – Starego i Średniego Państwa, żeby zarysować tło epoki, w której prawdopodobnie w Egipcie pojawił się biblijny Patriarcha – Abraham. Natomiast w drugiej części tego artykułu przybliżymy biblijny obraz Egiptu z czasów patriarchów. Przyjrzeć się chcemy, co na temat Egiptu znajdziemy w Księdze Rodzaju.