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EN
Preliminary data from newly excavated archaeological site no. 8 in Kraków-Górka Narodowa (southern Poland) show that two main phases of Early Neolithic occupation can be distinguished based on pottery finds, one associated with the Malice culture and the other with the PleszówModlnica group of the Lengyel culture. These data are presented along with lithic materials and discussed in the context of the results of the archaeobotanical analysis. Charred plant macro-remains obtained from 18 samples coming from five archaeological features showed that the only cultivated plants documented were two species of cereals: Triticum dicoccum and Triticum monococcum. Wild herbaceous plants were represented by several taxa such as Chenopodium type album, Bromus sp., Echinochloa crus-galli, Sambucus sp. and Fallopia convolvulus, among others. In addition, a single nutshell of hazel Corylus avellana appeared. Among wood charcoal remains, only two taxa were found: Quercus sp. and Fraxinus excelsior.
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The article discusses the effectiveness of geomagnetic prospection in detecting such parts of the early-Neolithic settlements areas in the vicinity of the village of Targowisko in which traces of only one building phase have survived. The purpose of the surveying programme was to obtain assemblages of artefacts and ecofacts related to a period of time that would be as short as possible, i.e. to the existence of a single family living in one house, representing a single cultural tradition, without any older or younger materials. It was assumed that this objective could only be achieved on the boundaries of settlements inhabited over longer periods of time (cf. Grygiel 1986). Thus, the geomagnetic prospection was carried out in selected target areas covering northern or southern edges of large settlements of the Linear Pottery (LBK) culture and the Malice culture (MC), which had already been thoroughly surveyed as part of rescue excavations at the early-Neolithic settlement complex of Targowisko, in connection with the construction of highway A-4, approx. 30 km east of Cracow (Fig. 1). The results of the geomagnetic survey made it possible to demarcate zones, each having an area of 10 ares, at three sites for the purpose of confirming the validity of the planned research strategy. The test excavations at sites 16 and 14–15 in Targowisko and at site 40 in Brzezie met the expectations, yielding assemblages of artefacts from narrow time horizons. They will become the core of works on the reconstruction of cultural transformation micro-processes at the confluence of the LBK culture and the MC.
EN
The article presents the results of the zoological analysis of animal bones from the archaeological site in Zagórze connected with the Linear Band Pottery Culture, the Malice culture, the Modlnica group and with the Neolithic in general.
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262-285
EN
The study indicates discoveries made by employees of the Cracow Saltworks Museum in Wieliczka in 2017, that contribute to larger, comprehensive analyses. In the described year, surveys were conducted on site 43 in Bochnia–Chodenice. Research resulted in identification of new historical artefacts dated at the Mesolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age. The largest quantity of findings is assigned to the Lengyel–Polgár cultures. The identified historical objects also represent the Linear Band Pottery culture, the Mierzanowice and Lusatian cultures. All findings are considered and analysed in the context of salt making by brine evaporation, a method common in prehistory in the Wieliczka and Bochnia region The materials discovered over seasons on the site located in Bochnia–Chodenice principally give a new insight into the topic of salt making in Neolithic cultures. The most important findings originate from the Malice and Lublin–Volhynia cultures.
PL
Artykuł sygnalizuje odkrycia dokonane przez pracowników Muzeum Żup Krakowskich Wieliczka w Wieliczce w roku 2017, które są przyczynkiem do większych całościowych opracowań. W opisywanym roku badania prowadzono na stanowisku 43 w Bochni Chodenicach. Doprowadziły one do identyfikacji kolejnych zabytków związanych z okresem mezolitu, neolitu oraz epoki brązu. Największa ilość znalezisk wiąże się z szeroko pojętym kręgiem lendzielsko–polgarskim. Ponadto identyfikowane są zabytki kultury ceramiki wstęgowej rytej, kultury mierzanowickiej oraz kultury łużyckiej. Wszystkie odkrycia rozpatrywane są w aspekcie rozpowszechnionego w pradziejach, w regionie wielicko–bicheńskim, pozyskiwania soli metodami warzelniczymi. Odkrycia dokonane w kolejnych sezonach na stanowisku w Bochni–Chodenicach wnoszą nowe spojrzenie przede wszystkim na problematykę warzelnictwa kultur neolitycznych. Do najistotniejszych należą ustalenia związane z kulturą malicką oraz kulturą lubelsko wołyńską.
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