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EN
In this paper, we report for the first time on authentication of Flammulina velutipes cultivars by using strain-specific sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers developed from inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The genomic DNA polymorphism was analyzed by the ISSR technique in 7 strains of F. velutipes presently cultivated in China on a commercial scale. Eight primers selected from 20 ISSR primers amplified 104 clear and stable bands, of which 81 bands were polymorphic. Among the selected primers, primer ISSR9 can distinguish strain No. 12 from the other 6 strains by amplifying a unique and reproducible band of approximately 750 bp. According to the sequence of the strain-specific fragment, a pair of SCAR primers was designed to diagnose strain No. 12 on the molecular level. The validity of the SCAR marker was confirmed by using DNA samples from another 12 strains of F. velutipes obtained from different parts of China. Our data provided the foundation for a precise and rapid PCR-based strain-diagnostic system for F. Velutipes.
EN
The genetic relationship between twenty-six strains of Agaricus bisporus were analysed by the RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) method. DNA amplification was performed with the use of twelve arbitrary 10-mer primers. Four primers, which gave polymorphic band patterns were chosen for RAPD analysis. In total, they gave 24 distinguishable bands, of which nine were polymorphic. The conducted research showed that there is a great genetic similarity among the examined strains. Low polymorphism of the strains may be a proof of a limited genetic pool used in the cultivation of those strains.
EN
The influence of mixing cut straw on the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus in a rotating drum bioreactor was investigated. Higher concentration of mycelium was determined for low rotation (0,07-0,1 rph) than without rotation of bioreactor. Decrease in concentration of mycelium was observed for increasing rotations and the growth was stopped at 4,8 rph.
EN
The review describes practical methods of the use of edible fungi: Boletus spp. and Morchella spp. The cultivation of fruit bodies of Morchella esculenta is complicated and unprofitable. During last years, the significance of submerged liquid culture has increased. Harvested biomass contains mushroom aroma compounds and good chemical composition (protein, polysaccharides, vitamins and mineral elements). The composition of mushrooms suggests two medicinal properties: nutritional benefit as food supplement and therapeutic advantages. Mushroom powder can be used as appendix to soups and sauces or in animal feed industry. Mushrooms and their products are important for their flavour, medicinal properties, ecological and economical values.
EN
Currently more and more European countries are introducing lists of mushroom species allowed for commercial use. However these lists are far from the actual composition of mushroom species collected by local communities. Field research conducted in five villages located in central Mazovia, Poland presents a record of thirty five different taxa collected among local communities of which 12 weren’t registered as allowed for commerce in Poland. This article aims to discuss the reasons that stand behind these differences in relation to the actual useful potential of European mycobiota.
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