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Replanowanie realizacji projektu techniczno-organizacyjnego w momencie wystąpienia zakłócenia

100%

Łapuńka I. , Knosala R.

tom Vol. 10, nr 1

13-28

The article addresses the issues related to the planning of project realization in the conditions of disturbances. Planning is the major importance of a project because the project involves doing something which has not been done before. As a result, there are relatively more processes in this section. First, the method of the networks plans creation for the technical-organizational project in the conditions of disturbances was presented; next, the disruption in production has been classified and finally, the computer system aided planning of project realization has been shown. Moreover, this paper describes the process of generating alternative plans in the project realization. The treatment of basic information (time and cost) used for evaluating variants of plan as regards criteria is discussed. Global trends have pushed all professional services, including design, toward commoditization. In addition, every industry has come under powerful pressures to work "faster, better and cheaper" - to shorten project realization time and cut production costs while improving quality, as well. In this section, the analysis of activity network in the project management and difficult selection of the best of variant in the planning of technical and organizational project realization are presented. The project plan consists of planning and specification the realization of the project, scheduling, and resource planning for all submodels. It is an instrument for planning, steering and control by the project management. In addition, in a free market economy, productively efficient firms use a cost curves to find the optimal point of production, where they make the most profits. In last part, the article discusses some procedural issues relating to a multicriterial evaluation for the selection of a better variant in the planning of technical and organizational project realization. The multicriterial evaluation based on the criteria proposed by experts or decision-makers in the planning phase, during which it is critical to document the tasks to be completed in a project schedule. In this contribution are two main problems stressed: (1) the treatment of basic information used for evaluating variants of plan as regards criteria; and (2) the creation fuzzy logic membership functions that define the meaning (values) of input/output terms used in the evaluation.

Ultrasensitive laser spectroscopy for breath analysis

80%

Wojtas J. , Bielecki Z. , Stacewicz T. , Mikołajczyk J. , Nowakowski M.

tom Vol. 20, No. 1

26-39

At present there are many reasons for seeking new methods and technologies that aim to develop new and more perfect sensors for different chemical compounds. However, the main reasons are safety ensuring and health care. In the paper, recent advances in the human breath analysis by the use of different techniques are presented. We have selected non-invasive ones ensuring detection of pathogenic changes at a molecular level. The presence of certain molecules in the human breath is used as an indicator of a specific disease. Thus, the analysis of the human breath is very useful for health monitoring. We have shown some examples of diseases' biomarkers and various methods capable of detecting them. Described methods have been divided into non-optical and optical methods. The former ones are the following: gas chromatography, flame ionization detection, mass spectrometry, ion mobility spectrometry, proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry, selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry. In recent twenty years, the optical methods have become more popular, especially the laser techniques. They have a great potential for detection and monitoring of the components in the gas phase. These methods are characterized by high sensitivity and good selectivity. The spectroscopic sensors provide the opportunity to detect specific gases and to measure their concentration either in a sampling place or a remote one. Multipass spectroscopy, cavity ring-down spectroscopy, and photo-acoustic spectroscopy were characterised in the paper as well.