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5 Biotechnologia

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The possibility of modeling functional properties of legume food products through the tempeh type fermentation

100%

Kuligowski M. , Nowak J.

nr 4

113-124

Tempeh is a fermented food, originally produced from soy beans, which is characterized by many interesting nutritional, health and functional proprieties. Using various raw material and fermentation condition together with the selection of suitable microorganisms, health beneficial functional proprieties of tempeh can be obtained. This gives a possibility to manufacture the products of specific (desirable for customers) features. The knowledge about modeling chemical composition, as well as biological activities and health effects of tempeh type products is still insufficient and requires more studies.

Biodegradation of N-heterocyclic compound

100%

Brzezinska-Rodak M. , Peczynska-Czoch W.

2000

nr 1

102-116

N-heterocyclic aromatic compounds are common contaminants associated with the use of hydrocarbons in both coal gasification and wood treatment processes. Those compounds have been found in groundwater, and many are known mutagens. It is obvious that in many cases the removal of those toxic compounds from our environment is a very complicated and expensive process. A method looking very promising is the one which employs the strains of chosen microorganisms and their biochemical pathways for biodegradation of a number of very dangerous compound like pyridine, quinoline, carbazole and derivatives of these compounds. Pyridine could be degraded through the same pathway under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The first step in this process is hydration. The mechanism of pyridine degradation involves N-C-2 (Nocardia Z1) or C-2-C-3 (Bacillus 4) ring cleavage. The metabolism of pyridine derivatives and other N-heterocyclic compounds like quinoline, carbazole or indole seems to be initiated by hydroxylation. The initial step in the transformation and a ring cleavage of quinoline derivatives can occur on either the heterocyclic or the homocyclic ring. In this article we reviewed the current status of this very difficult topic related to microbial degradation of N-heterocyclic compound.

Membrane reactor - new possibilities

100%

Noworyta A. , Bryjak J.

nr 3

4-15

The flow-sheet of for biotechnological application has been presented in the paper. The relevant topics that concern problems of microbial or as well as separation of reaction system onto the fractions with different residence time distributions have been overiewed. A set of conditions has been specified for membranes applied in the system. The following types of bioreactors have been characterized in detail i.e.:i) case of bioreactor for hydrolysis of penicillinum G and ii) case of microbial membrane bioreactor for culture and harvesting of biomass iii) microbial membrane bioreactor for alcohol fermentation.

Synthesis of polyenoic fatty acids by microorganisms

88%

Leman J.

2003

nr 2

218-235

The paper presents the possibilities of using some microorganisms as a potential source of biologically active polyenoic fatty acids. The reasons for using microorganisms for this purpose are among others, high yield, invariability of oil composition, independence from traditional agricultural conditions, efficient processing of cheap agro-food substrates and predisposition of microorganisms to biotransformations enabling tailoring of lipids. The following issues were discussed in particular: the methods suitable for the synthesis of specific fatty acids, oils of predicted composition, induced mutagenesis, genetic engineering of microorganisms, addition of inhibitors or activators of fatty acid biosynthesis to the growth medium, enzymatic modification of the oils, and production conditions ie recovery and processing of microbial oils.

Biodiesel obtained by microbiological methods

88%

Bialecka-Florjanczk. , Stolarzewicz I. , Kucharski D.

2009

nr 4

74-87

Biodiesel ? a fuel for diesel engines ? represents an alternative environment-friendly source of energy obtained from renewable materials. Biodiesel is produced in triacylglycerol transesterification by alcohols such as methanol or ethanol and comprises fatty acid methyl and ethyl esters. For ecological reasons, the enzymatic transesterification is becoming of increasing interest, yet high price of enzymes obstructs its full industrial application. This work presents the latest achievements in biodiesel enzymatic production that refer both to isolated lipases as well as microorganisms that synthesize these enzymes. In the latter case, the work focuses on methods that allow for increasing biocatalyst activity and stability through changes in microorganism culture conditions, their immobilization and application of genetic engineering techniques.