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Matrix metalloproteinase and cytokine production by bone marrow adherent cells from multiple myeloma patients

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Zdzisinska B. , Walter-Croneck A. , Dmoszynska A. , Kandefer-Szerszen M.

nr 4

289-296

Introduction: Cultures of bone marrow stromal cells derived from the bone marrow of multiple myeloma (MM) patients were shown to exhibit several abnormalities compared with control cultures from healthy subjects. The aim of the study was to examine whether cultures of bone marrow adherent cells, at low passage level, exhibit differences in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cytokine production compared with cultures from normal donors. Materials and Methods: MMP production was evaluated by gel zymography and by ELISA in supernatants of serum-free cultures of bone marrow adherent cells derived from 20 MM patients and 23 healthy controls. Spontaneous and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-induced cytokine release was assessed in the supernatants of the cultures by the ELISA method. Results: Both cultures produced MMP-1, -2, -3, and -9 under serum-free conditions; however, the levels of MMP-1 and MMP-2 were significantly higher in cultures derived from MM patients, while MMP-3 was significantly higher in control cultures. The level of MMP-9 was comparable in the cultures derived from MM patients and controls. All cultures produced interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-11 spontaneously, but after LPS or NDV induction the levels of IL-10, IL-11, interferon , and tumor necrosis factor , were significantly higher in the cultures derived from MM patients than in control cultures. Conclusions: The results indicate that both the abnormalities in MMP production and the overproduction of cytokines (in the presence of LPS or virus, which mimic inflammatory conditions) may be involved in bone destruction and tumor spread in multiple myeloma.

SOME REASONS FOR WHICH WE TELL STUDENTS OF ECONOMICS ABOUT MATRICES (Kilka powodow, dla ktorych opowiadamy studentom ekonomii o macierzach)

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Rybicki W.

Didactics of Mathematics

2010

nr 7(10)

109-126

In the paper we consider a role which a matrix plays in the educational process of students of economics (as a notion, a symbol of a mathematical operation as well as a numerical tool). We remind that matrices and determinants appear systematically in courses of mathematics and related subjects. They help to model and solve various significant problems of econometrics (wide sense) and operation researches. It is worth noting, howe-ver, that we make use of matrix notation in our lectures on microeconomics and macroeconomics. The paper initiates the series of three 'didactical' articles devoted to matrices. So it also plays a role of some kind of introduction to the subject. The article may be divided, in a natural way, into two parts, different in character. At the beginning we show and shortly discuss - in an informal manner - selected problems in which matrices 'work'. The second part is quite different: it is much more formalized. The examples we describe in that segment are formulated in the mathematical language. Intentionally, we have chosen elementary facts taken from standard programmes of 'math' for students of economics. According to the plan, we collect them and place under unified label 'Matrices'. We also have announced some themes which will be considered in the following articles of the series.