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Kategoria pasywności w fenomenologii materialnej Michela Henry`ego

100%

Walczak M.

nr 4

5-21

The aim of this article is to analyze the notion of passivity in Michel Henry's material phenomenology. I focus on three main issues: noetic-noematic structure, internal time consciousness, and phenomenological method. What I consider my main reference point is the classical Husserlian version of phenomenology, which is what is discussed by Michel Henry. In particular, I pay attention to those of Husserl's works where the notion of passivity is introduced. For instance, Husserl refers to it when analyzing passive synthesis, which is performed at the level of internal time consciousness. I present Husserl's ideas, which have met with skepticism from Henry's side. In comparing works written by both philosophers I probe whether this criticism is justified and show how Henry’s innovative ideas shed a new light on phenomenology. Some of them allow him to move beyond the limits of the traditional phenomenological approach. To cite an example, defining the notion of préimpression in an utterly different way leads to associating it with suffering (souffrir), which is considered a exemplary model of experiencing. Consequently, adopting this approach enables Henry to uncover the substance of material phenomenology ‒ the pathetic immediacy in which life experiences itself.