Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

ŚWIĘTOWANIE DOROCZNE W POLSCE OKRESU PRL. WYMIAR EKONOMICZNY

100%

Orszulak-Dudkowska K.

Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)

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2017

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tom 24

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nr 2

7 - 21

EN

The aim of this article is to show the specificity of celebrating annual holidays such as Christmas in Poland in the period of two decades of the Polish People’s Republic (PRL), seen from the angle of the private economy sphere. The theoretical perspective of the undertaken analysis is economic anthropology, which lets us look at Polish annual celebrations in the second half of the 20th century through material and economic dimensions of culture. The detailed source materials are provided by the private notes included in two collections of domestic bills run up in the period of the Polish People’s Republic by two families living in cities in central Poland and Upper Silesia. The conclusions drawn from the undertaken analysis let us notice that the economic way of examining the celebration period emphasizes the participation of products and material items in the building of a holiday reality. By focusing on the mundane actions of acquiring products and the calculations connected with them, one can reach the actual tissue of social life, the real undertaken actions and consumer decisions based on them, often resulting from local traditions and familial habits. Therefore, the economic approach in anthropology may be the key to recognizing the details of a cultural situation of a celebration, as well as the specificity of local family life and the character of the relationships made between people and between people and things.

2

SEX ROLES INCORPORATED IN TOYS

100%

Maciejewska-Mroczek E.

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2007

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tom 51

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nr 1

71-78

EN

The article presents toys as meaningful reflections of culture, which, while being a tool in the process of culturalisation, transmit some cultural content, meaningful to the society that has produced them. The role a toy plays in the process of internalisation of gender roles is an important aspect of its ideological character. The studies on toys and play reveal some general characteristics of the process of culturalisation - e.g. the differences between what is expected of girls and boys. They also show some inconsistencies between the declared and real awareness of gender equality.

3

SÍDLISKÁ Z 8. – 10. STOROČIA V CHĽABE

88%

Hanuliak M.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2016

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tom 64

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nr 1

95 – 143

EN

The locality belongs into the cadastre of the village Chľaba. It’s located at a low elevation on the left bank of the river Danube. The area of 0.26 hectare was explored during the years 1977 – 1981. In this area were found 131 settlement buildings from the primeval age, early historical period and the Middle Ages. Twenty representatives belong into the 8th – 10th cent. Among them there are eight houses, six fire pits, two agricultural sunken dwelings and storage pits, one corn storage pit and exterior oven. Data about size, form, construction and use do not differ from the representatives, which are known in other finding places from the Early Middle Ages. It is important to mention that there were built only stone vaulted ovens in each building in two cases they were on an elevated earth step. Above one oven there was equipment that helped to drain off the smoke from the room. In the corn storage pit it was possible to store corn for all inhabitants of the settlement. Unusually high number of oval pits with burning fire served for processing of raw materials. In the material culture there prevail fragments of ceramic vessels. The settlement is divided into two time horizons according to thickness of walls, typology of mouth and decoration motifs. To the end of the phase of 9th and the 10th century belong 19 buildings located in two zones. In the residential area sunken dwellings were placed around a „square“, with an area 210 m2. Agricultural buildings were scattered west of the residential area. Two houses with more advanced traits were placed in it later. Just one sunken dwelling belongs into the older horizon of the 8th cent. The rest of the dwellings were probably destroyed by intensive settlement of this area in 11th – 16th cent.

4

STREDOVEKÉ SÍDLISKO Z 13. STOROČIA V BECKOVE

88%

Hanuliak M.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2018

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tom 66

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nr 1

107 – 177

EN

A settlement from High Middle Ages was explored in the south part of the Beckov cadastre in 2004. It consists of 64 features. Two half-sunken dwellings with hearth are the most important features. The third half-sunken feature with circular ground plan and grain storage pit served for agricultural purpose. Another group consists of six grain storage pits, 41 storage pits of three types, one hearth, seven exterieur ovens, five stake pits and two trough-shaped pits. Data about size, form, construction and use do not differ from the representatives, which are known in other finding places from the Middle Ages. Fragments of pot-shaped ceramic vessels prevail in the material culture. Large storage vessels with graphite in the fabric are aso important. Dating was elaborated on the basis of analysis of the shape, decoration and creation of vessels, composition of ceramic material. The rest of findings are sporadic, and the most important of these are a coin, spur and jewels. The structure of settlement area belongs to specific components of this site. One quarter of features are scattered across the area. Remaining features are located in four concentrations. Up to 41 dwelling and agricultural features are part of concentration C, which is the oldest part of the agricultural estate. The other three concentrations consist of lower number of agricultural features; residential buildings are missing. The presumption is that these were manufacturing rooms that served to expansion of economic activities of the local community.

5

MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENT IN SENEC-SVATY MARTIN (Stredoveke sidlisko v Senci-Svatom Martine)

88%

Hanuliak M.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2008

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tom 56

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nr 2

293-339

EN

The research of multicultural site is situated on the Senec-Svaty Martin hamlet north-eastern border. Its central area spreading on 450 square meters has been excavated by test pits in 1976-1978. Twenty-two settlement features of four basic categories were dated to the Early and High Middle Ages. These are four half-sunken dwellings, three half-sunken economic buildings, three cereal storage pits, seven storage pits, two outdoor domed kilns, two hearths and a trench. Heating devices were a part of the half-sunken dwellings. The cereal storing pits were of different shapes, dimensions and depth. One of the outdoor kilns had clayey dome built on quarry stones, the other dome was made of clay only. Finds of material culture are unusually few. The same applies to pottery vessels. They are mostly pots, rarely storage vessels and bowls. Shapes of their rims and motifs of engraved decoration enable us to divide the settlement features into two different chronological periods. The first horizon has been dated to the younger Great Moravian period from the end of the 9th till beginning of the 10th century. The other horizon came from the High Middle Ages, belongs to the 11th-12th century. In the collection of finds are missing those proving the continual settlement of the site. Outcomes of analyses have proved that the settlement was interrupted without any doubt between the two chronological phases. Low amount of animal bones were revealed at the settlement features, all of them belonging to domestic animals. The scythe found there is an indirect evidence of breeding animals. Clayey whorls are evidence of yarn home production; the same applies to two vessels. A find of bog ore indicates its intentional amassing. The one cereal storage pit included skeleton of an adult man. Neither the reason of his death and placing here nor why this individual was not buried at the community's burial ground is unknown. Such place for burying members of the local community has not been found in the settlement vicinity.

6

POHREBISKO KOŠTIANSKEJ KULTÚRY V KOŠICIACH

88%

Gábor P.

Študijné zvesti

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2016

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nr 60

51 - 78

EN

Origin of the Košťany culture partly explained material (research in the years 1965 – 1966) from the cemetery on the position Nižné Kapustníky in Košice. The cemetery is situated in the inundation area river Hornád, south of the heating plant. Overall was uncovered 2400 m2. Graves of the Košťany culture are spread almost in regular rows and the average distance between them is about 150 cm. The graves don´t forming isolated groups by age, gender or social affiliation. In all the tombs were found buried skeletal individuals in a crouched position. The most widely combination in two skeletal graves is mother with a child. Several graves were damaged contemporaries (stealing), younger interventions of the Otomany culture (superposition) and modern sand and gravel mining. Type chronological analysis, horizontal stratigraphy and partly seriation was foundation for internal chronology of the cemetery. There are three developmental stages: initial, transient and classic Košťany culture.

7

LENGYELSKÁ KUTURA VE STŘELICKÉ KOTLINĚ

75%

Trampota F. , Jarošová I. , Nývltová Fišáková M. , Přichystal A.

Študijné zvesti

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2012

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nr 51

89 - 174

EN

The article discusses various matters associated with the Lengyel settlement in the Střelická kotlina (Střelice Basin). Its material culture is analysed, particularly in terms of ceramics, of chipped, polished and other stone production, and zoo-archaeological finds. The pottery is analysed based on the Numerical code of the Moravian painted pottery and its results are used for understanding the relative chronology of particular sites as well as for understanding the inhabitation of the Střelice Basin during the Lengyel culture. Local materials were largely used for the manufacture of chipped- and polished-stone tools. The Střelice Basin was a part of a broader region (Brno-city and surroundings) where the mentioned local raw materials were worked and sequent distributed. Imported materials prove transport of the particular raw materials from the Holy Cross Mountains, the Kraków-Częstochowa highland in Lesser Poland and with the Zemplín region, Slovakia/Hungary. Both polished- and chipped stone industry are analysed in terms of raw material and typology. The category “other stone industry” including all other stone items is analysed in terms of raw material and its expected function. Special attention is devoted to analysis of an individual buried in a storage pit in the Střelice, in Prostřední trať location. Here, the attention is dedicated to physic anthropology, namely morphometric and morphoscopic judgement of the skeletal remains and analysis of dental micro abrasion. Zoo-archaeological analyses confirm similar characteristics of the composition faunal skeletal remains with other contemporary Lengyel sites. Presence of bones from the wild animals is characteristic for investigated period. The study further explores settlement strategies, general characteristics of the material culture of the Lengyel culture in the Střelice Basin, and settlement in relation to a relative chronology. The Střelice Basin was chiefly inhabited in phases Ib and II b of the Moravian painted pottery/East-Austrian – Moravian group. The location of sites is oriented on periphery of the Střelice Basin. All Lengyel settlement sites are oriented to proximity of terrain slopes.

8

STREDOVEKÉ DEDINSKÉ SÍDLISKO V BITAROVEJ

75%

Vojteček M.

Študijné zvesti

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2015

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nr 58

169 - 186

EN

The study presents results from the rescue archaeological excavation in Bitarová in the year 2010. Excavation was induced by the construction of highway D1 Hričovské Podhradie-Dubná Skala. At the location Lány in Bitarová altogether 39 settlement objects, dated to the Púchov culture and Middle Age, were excavated. Torso of a defunct village settlement dated to the 12th – 13th century represents the most significant horizon and it is the main subject of this study. It is mostly the remains of economic hinterland of the village stretching along both sides of Bitarovský stream.

9

VČASNOSTREDOVEKÉ OSÍDLENIE V BECKOVE

75%

Hanuliak M.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2015

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tom 63

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nr 1

115 – 149

EN

A multicultural locality was explored in southwest part of the cadastral area of Beckov in 2004. Finding fund composed of settlement features and material culture came from its eastern segment with an area of 0.29 ha. Its low number corresponds with the intensity of settlement expressed in number of features. In spite of this fact these findings made it possible to include this settlement generally into early Slavic period of second half of 6th cent., old Slavic period of 8th cent. and Great Moravian period from the end of 9th – 10th cent. Dating was elaborated on the basis of analysis of the shape, decoration and creation of vessels, composition of ceramic material. The rest of findings are sporadic and they are not suitable for dating. They inform in limited way about activities performed by local inhabitants. An early Slavic half-sunken dwelling and old Slavic well are important among the findings. Great Moravian grain storage pits are of unusual shape, which shortens the period of stock’s storage. Knowledge obtained from the analysis of material fund emphasizes the importance of the locality, its important place in the settlement of the neighbourhood as well as of the whole central Považie region.

10

TOWARDS AN ANTHROPOLOGY OF CARE: CLEANLINESS AND CONSUMPTION IN URBAN ROMANIAN HOUSES

75%

Drazin A.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2011

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tom 59

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nr 5

499 – 515

EN

The anthropology of care has come to the fore in recent years and has produced a number of distinctive and valuable approaches, which this paper characterises as relatedness, care politics, and as value- based. This paper argues that while all these approaches have merits, a better appreciation is required of the silent, embodied sense of care in specific localised contexts. The appreciation of care requires a more precise anthropological language to describe the variety of phenomena referred to, and use of the term care to refer to local manifestations, experiences, emotions and work practices. The author outlines one example of a material culture of care in urban Romania, which reveals how a procedural and creative sense of the domestic is manifested and appropriated through soaps and cleanliness.

11

CULTURAL HERITAGE OF THE MONASTERIES OF ARKHANGAI AIMAG OF MONGOLIA

75%

Truevtseva O.

Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo

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2018

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tom 6

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nr 1

55 – 66

EN

The article is devoted to the problems of preservation of the monasteries of Arkhangai Aimag, which was from 1600-1920 a Centre of Buddhist Art. There are many objects of cultural heritage – the tangible and intangible. Monasteries were founded in the XVI-XVIII centuries at this region and played an important role in the economic and cultural development of Central Mongolia. Around monasteries formed a large settlement, city, trade, transport, craft and social infrastructure, developed education, medicine. A significant part of the residents of Arkhangai Aimag devoted themselves to the service of the Monasteries. Monasteries were centres of culture and art. Silk Road, crossing Aimag, contributed to the integration, mutual influence of European and Asian cultures. From 1928 the Buddhist Religion was persecuted by the communist party. The Monasteries were collectivized. Already the adoption of the law on the separation of Church and State, the mass repressions of the second half of the 1930-ies most of the monasteries were destroyed, some changed to the use as utility rooms, ware-houses, institutions for culture. 1937 in relationship to Stalin’s Terror the Soviet Military was stationed in Mongolia and all of the Monasteries were closed or destroyed. Monks were taken from their positions in the Monasteries and secularized. Since 1990, Mongolia began the revival of religious associations, the return of former monasteries to liturgy. Surviving monastic building are the monuments of material culture. Many of them turned into ruins and relate to archaeological objects of cultural heritage. The article contains a general description of Buddhist Monasteries of Arkhangay Aimac, compiled in the course of the Russian-Mongolian expedition conducted in the summer of 2017 with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFFI) №17-21-03551. The article includes conclusions and recommendations for further study and use.

12

POHREBISKÁ LUŽICKEJ KULTÚRY V JASENICI A SEDMEROVCI

75%

Žilincová L.

Študijné zvesti

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2010

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nr 48

141 - 214

EN

Burial grounds of the Lusatian culture in Jasenica and Sedmerovec were researched almost 50 years ago. Detailed analyses of the burial ritual (urn graves, pit graves, cenotaphic graves) and the material culture (pottery, bronze, stone, iron, clay and glass artefacts) date the burials to the stages BD-HB in Jasenica and BD/HA 1-HB in Sedmerovec. The results of processing these burial grounds partially supplement our knowledge about the development of the Lusatian culture in the middle Váh basin and its contacts with other areas in the Early and Late Bronze Age. In addition, they document a shared East-Moravian-Slovak art.

13

ON THE OCCURRENCE OF AGRAFFES AT NECROPOLISES OF THE AVAR KHAGANATE PERIOD IN THE TERRITORY OF SLOVAKIA (K vyskytu agraf na pohrebiskach avarskeho kaganatu z uzemia Slovenska)

75%

Duricova M.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2009

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tom 57

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nr 2

261-283

EN

The study presents results from the analysis of agraffes discovered in graves dated to the Avar Khaganate period in Slovakia. The agraffes were identified in a total of 36 graves spread over 15 burial grounds. Given the large number of uncovered graves from the period in question, the scarcity of the artefacts is evident. Despite this rarity, the typological spectrum of the agraffes is of a surprisingly varied nature. Heterogeneity is visible also in the quantity of artefacts within selected typological groups, amongst which some contain relatively large number of agraffes whereas others are represented just by a single item. The typology itself describes the overall appearance of the agraffes, such as their flat and hollow forms, and also the shape. The shape varies between a square, oval or circular wire frames, however further division into variants considers decoration of the artefacts as well. Throughout the analysis, the chronological classification has been taken into consideration. This is based on simultaneous occurrence of different types of characteristic female jewellery such as earrings, beads and bracelets. Using this information, two consecutive chronological groups of the agraffes could be identified corresponding to the Middle and Late Periods of the Avar Khaganate. The interpretations are completed by analyses regarding the location and number of the agraffes within a grave as well as the age and gender of the deceased buried with them. The results suggest that not all of the agraffes were worn as a mantle brooch. The uncertainty arises especially due to the occurrence of single exemplars of the otherwise two-part brooches, the presence of identical artefacts in both male and female graves and their presence in non-functional positions within the graves. The study discusses the problem concerning correct identification of the agraffes due to their coexistence with other similar or even identical types of contemporary decorative dress adornments and jewellery. Majority of them evolved as a consequence of various Byzantine female adornment designs that had become popular in the period in question and spread across Europe on a large scale.