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Nowe stwierdzenie zająca bielaka Lepus timidus w Puszczy Białowieskiej

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Gryz J. , Krauze-Gryz D.

Chrońmy Przyrodę Ojczystą

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2014

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tom 70

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nr 3

PL

W dniu 2 kwietnia 2012 roku w Puszczy Białowieskiej (Nadleśnictwo Białowieża, oddział 520A) obserwowano zająca bielaka Lepus timidus. Jest to jedno z niewielu udokumentowanych stwierdzeń tego gatunku w Puszczy Białowieskiej

EN

A mountain hare was observed on April 2, 2012 in the Białowieża Primeval Forest (Białowieża Forest District, forest division 520A), which is one of a very few documented records of this species in the area

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Występowanie zająca bielaka Lepus timidus w Polsce

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Zbyryt A. , Zawadzka D. , Zawadzki G.

Chrońmy Przyrodę Ojczystą

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2014

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tom 70

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nr 3

PL

W latach 2011–2013 zebrano dane o występowaniu i rozmieszczeniu zająca bielaka Lepus timidus w Polsce. Informacje przekazali głównie pracownicy nadleśnictw podlegających Regionalnej Dyrekcji Lasów Państwowych w Białymstoku oraz parków narodowych: Białowieskiego, Biebrzańskiego i Wigierskiego. Uwzględniono także obserwacje własne autorów. Zgromadzono w sumie 136 pewnych stwierdzeń zająca bielaka z obszaru Polski północno-wschodniej z lat 1984–2013. Obecność tego gatunku potwierdzono w Puszczy Augustowskiej, Knyszyńskiej i Białowieskiej. Obszarem stale zasiedlanym przez niewielką populację bielaka jest Puszcza Augustowska, z której zebrano łącznie 123 obserwacje, w tym aż 120 z lat 2000–2013. Z pozostałych kompleksów leśnych znane są jedynie nieliczne stwierdzenia (6 z Puszczy Knyszyńskiej i 7 z Puszczy Białowieskiej). Mogą to być osobniki pochodzące z przygranicznych obszarów leśnych Białorusi lub, co wydaje się mniej prawdopodobne, zwierzęta autochtoniczne ze szczątkowej populacji tego gatunku. W Puszczy Augustowskiej zając bielak zasiedla przede wszystkim drzewostany młodsze i średniowiekowe, w wieku 41–60 lat. Wyraźnie rzadszy jest w drzewostanach starszych niż 80 lat. Najczęściej odnotowywany był na siedliskach boru świeżego (45% stwierdzeń) i boru mieszanego świeżego (36%) w drzewostanach z panującą sosną zwyczajną Pinus sylvestris. Do najważniejszych zagrożeń gatunku należą: presja ssaków drapieżnych (szczególnie lisa Vulpes vulpes), postępujące ocieplenie klimatu oraz możliwa hybrydyzacja z zającem szarakiem Lepus europaeus.

EN

Data about the mountain hare Lepus timidus distribution and abundance in Poland at the beginning of the 21st century were collected in 2011–2013 based on the information from workers of forest divisions of the Regional Directorate of the State Forests in Białystok, Wigry National Park, Białowieża National Park, landscape parks, and authors’ own records. In total 136 certain observations of mountain hare have been recorded in north-east Poland in 1984–2013. Th e occurrence of mountain hare has been confi rmed in Augustów Forest, Knyszyn Forest and Białowieża Forest (Fig. 1). Th e main area of the species’ regular distribution, inhabited by a stable population, is the Augustów Forest, where 123 records have been collected, including 120 records from 2000–2013 yrs. Th e population from Augustów Forest is probably enriched by the Polish-Lithuanian borderland population. Only single records come from other forests, indicating either sporadic occurrence of the mountain hare (6 observations in Knyszyńska Forest and 7 in Białowieża Primeval Forest), probably from adjacent forest in Belarus, or a residual population of this species. In Augustów Forest, the mountain hare inhabited mainly young and middle-aged forest stands, mostly 40–60-year-old stands. Th e species regularly occurs in forest plantations, and rarely in over 80-year-old forest stands (Fig. 3). Th e mountain hare was most frequently observed on habitats of fresh coniferous forest (45% of the records) and mixed coniferous forest (36% of the records), in forest stands dominated by pine (Figs 4, 5). Th e pressure of predatory mammals, a very small size of the Polish population, and possible hybridization between the mountain hare and the brown hare Lepus europaeus are the most important threats to this species. In order to protect the mountain hare, a precise inventory, permanent population monitoring, molecular study, predators control and international cooperation with specialists from Lithuania and Belarus are required.

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Hare and vole browsing preferences during winter

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Hjalten J. , Danell K. , Ericson L.

Acta Theriologica

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2004

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tom 49

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nr 1

EN

The aim with this study was to, under controlled conditions, determine the food preference of mountain hares Lepus timidus Linnaeus, 1758 and back voles (Clethrio- nomys glareolus (Schreber, 1780) for a substantial part of the woody plants potentially available for these herbivores during winter. In addition, we compared hare and vole preference patterns. Thirteen woody plant species were simultaneously presented to 9 captive voles and 9 captive hares in preference tests during winter. Consumption by hares from 50 g bundles (one per species) was measured after 3 h, whereas shoot consumption by voles was measured after 12 h. Both hares and voles preferred deciduous species to conifers, Populus tremula, and Vaccinium myrtillus being the most preferred species. However, there was considerable variation in palatability among deciduous plant species and only a marginally significant correlation was found between hare and vole preference. One striking differences between hares and voles was that Sorbus aucuparia was the most utilised by voles but the least preferred by hares. In conclusion, deciduous plant species were generally considerably more palatable to hares and voles than conifers, which is consistent with current theories. Nevertheless, the high variation in palatability among deciduous trees and the difference in preference between hares and voles indicate more complex and species-specific patterns with regard to plant- animal interactions. The latter also suggests that hares and voles differ in their dietary adaptations and have different dietary constrains.

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Integrating field sports, hare population management and conservation

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Reid N. , Magee C. , Montgomery W. I.

Acta Theriologica

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2010

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tom 55

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nr 1

61-71

EN

Conflicts between field sports, animal welfare and species conservation are frequently contentious. In Ireland, the Irish Coursing Club (ICC) competitively tests the speed and agility of two greyhounds by using a live hare as a lure. Each coursing club is associated with a number of discrete localities, known as preserves, which are managed favourably for hares including predator control, prohibition of other forms of hunting such as shooting and poaching and the maintenance and enhancement of suitable hare habitat. We indirectly tested the efficacy of such management by comparing hare abundance within preserves to that in the wider countryside. In real terms, mean hare density was 18 times higher, and after controlling for variance in habitat remained 3 times higher, within ICC preserves than the wider countryside. Whilst we cannot rule out the role of habitat, our results suggest that hare numbers are maintained at high levels in ICC preserves either because clubs select areas of high hare density and subsequently have a negligible effect on numbers or that active population management positively increases hare abundance. The Irish hare Lepus timidus hibernicus Bell, 1837 is one of the highest priority species for conservation action in Ireland and without concessions for its role in conservation, any change in the legal status of hare coursing under animal welfare grounds, may necessitate an increase in Government subsidies for conservation on private land together with a strengthened capacity for legislation enforcement.

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Habitat use of the mountain hare Lepus timidus in summer: the importance of different vegetation layers

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Hiltunen M. , Kauhala K. , Linden H.

Acta Theriologica

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2004

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tom 49

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nr 4

EN

The aim of the present study was to examine how the vegetation structure of the forest, shrub and field and ground layer affect the habitat use of mountain haresLepus timidus Linnaeus, 1759 in summer (May–September) in southern Finland. The structure of each vegetation layer in woodlots throughout the entire study area of 20 km2 was measured. We analysed the vegetation data using principal component analyses (PCA) that arranged the woodlots along a gradient within each vegetation layer. Data on habitat use was gathered between 1998 and 2000 from 11 radio-collared mountain hares. The core areas of the home ranges of hares were determined and the vegetation structure of these areas was compared with the mean of the entire study area (core area, periphery area and control area). A similar shrub layer gradient was identified by PCA for seven out of the 11 hares. Hares preferred thickets of willowSalix spp., downy birchBetula pubescens, and sprucePicea abies. The hares did not show a consistent preference for the forest and ground levels. The results suggest that dense understories are important in the mountain hare’s habitat use, probably because they offer both food and shelter.

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Zimowe ubarwienie ssakow

51%

Borowski Z.

Poznajmy Las

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1998

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nr 1

22-23

7

Kuzyn szaraka

50%

Zagorski M.

Łowiec Polski

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2010

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nr 06

8

Opisanie zająca

34%

Sylwan

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1840

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tom 16

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nr 3-4

9

Zajac bielak

34%

E.S.

Trybuna Leśnika

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2006

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nr 02

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