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Baturyn – idea hetmańskiej stolicy

100%

Krokosz P.

Krakowskie Pismo Kresowe

2013

nr 5: Kontekst rosyjski

13-63

The capital city of a state is a place of considerable importance – it is the centre of politics, economy, culture and religion. This was also the case in the Ukraine where the first independent contemporary Ukrainian state was formed in the middle 17th century thanks to Bohdan Khmelnytsky, the Zaporizhian hetman. The extremely complex political situation was not conducive to the state-building process and in the following years the Ukrainian lands were peculiarly divided along the line marked by the Dnieper river into the socalled Right-bank Ukraine subordinate to the Polish Republic and the Left-bank Ukraine controlled by Russia. This division was accompanied by the emergence of two hetman seats of authority. At the turn of the 18th century the capitals of the Zaporizhian hetmans dependent on Russia were located in many places, inter alia in Subotiv, Chyhyryn, Baturyn and Hlukhiv. However, it was Baturyn – the city located at the Seym river which until the second half of the 17th century constituted an extremely important frontier in the defense system of the borderlands of the Polish Republic – was to play the most important role. All of this happened thanks to the activities of two hetmans. One was Ivan Mazepa who in his attempts to create an Ukrainian state independent from Russia at the beginning of the 18th century followed his great predecessor, Bohdan Khmelnytsky. The other was Kyrylo Rozumovsky who in the middle of that century attempted to save the last shards of autonomy granted to the Ukraine by the Russian rulers. During hetman Mazepa’s tenure Baturyn was not only the political centre of all Ukrainian lands, but it was also an important cultural and religious centre. Its vibrant development was interrupted in 1708 during the Great Northern War when in his attempt to achieve independence from Russia, Mazepa supported the Swedish king, Charles XII. At that time, czar Peter I sent strong military units to Baturyn which burned the city and murdered its inhabitants. After these events, the hetman capital was located in Hlukhiv until 1750. It was not until the decision made by the Elizaveta Petrovna, the Empress of Russia that the languishing city of Baturyn regained the status of a capital and was granted to the hetman Kyrylo Rozumovsky. Soon after this, thanks to his activities the city was rebuilt – new houses and manufacturing plants were constructed, and there were plans to open a university as well. Eventually, the plans to restore Baturyn to its former glory which it enjoyed during Mazepa’s times failed, and so did the attempts to preserve the autonomy of the Ukraine within the Russian empire.

Kościół katedralny pw. Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny w Charkowie (1887-1891) w świetle wybranych źródeł archiwalnych

80%

Żwanko L. , Kucharzewska J.

Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne

2022

tom 119

485-515

In the centre of modern Kharkiv stands one of the most valuable monuments of ecclesiastical architecture in Left-bank Ukraine – the Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, built in neo-Gothic style in the late 19th century. The article presents the current state of research on this monument and presents new facts related to its creation. Unique manuscript sources on the initial stage of the church’s construction from the resources of the State Archives of Kharkiv Oblast are also presented. They illustrate the legislative process involved in obtaining a permit for the construction of the Roman Catholic church, including obtaining permission from the Archbishop of Mohilev Aleksander Kazimierz Gintowt-Dziewałtowski. The paper also includes a letter from the Catholic community to the architect, Bolesław Michałowski, asking him to design a new church and to supervise its construction. It is worth noting that the church was built with contributions from the faithful, and the architect waived a fee for his work, thus contributing on his part to the construction of the temple. The church was erected on the site of an earlier, modest parish building on Mała Sumska Street, which was in poor repair in the 1880s, in addition to being too small for the growing Catholic community. The temple building committee was headed by Rev. Piotr Kisarzewski, and attorney Aleksander Kwiatkowski, a leader of the Kharkiv Poles, also played an important role in the establishment of the church. The archival sources published in the article can become a contribution to further research, conducted in various scientific disciplines.

W centrum współczesnego Charkowa znajduje się jeden z cenniejszych zabytków architektury sakralnej Ukrainy Lewobrzeżnej – kościół katedralny pw. Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny, wybudowany w stylu neogotyckim w końcu XIX wieku. W artykule zaprezentowano dotychczasowy stan badań nad tym zabytkiem i przedstawiono nowe fakty związane z jego powstaniem. Przedstawiono też unikatowe źródła rękopiśmienne dotyczące początkowego etapu budowy kościoła, pochodzące z zasobu Archiwum Państwowego Obwodu Charkowskiego. Obrazują one proces legislacyjny związany z uzyskaniem pozwolenia na budowę kościoła rzymskokatolickiego, w tym uzyskanie zgody od arcybiskupa mohylewskiego Aleksandra Kazimierza Gintowt-Dziewałtowskiego. Zamieszczono również list wspólnoty katolickiej do architekta Bolesława Michałowskiego z prośbą o wykonanie projektu nowego kościoła oraz objęcie nadzorem jego budowy. Warto podkreślić, że kościół powstał ze składek wiernych, a architekt zrzekł się honorarium za swoją pracę, wnosząc tym samym wkład w budowę świątyni. Kościół stanął w miejscu wcześniejszego, skromnego budynku parafialnego przy ul. Małej Sumskiej, który w latach 80. XIX wieku był w złym stanie technicznym, a dodatkowo był za mały dla rozrastającej się wspólnoty katolickiej. Na czele komitetu budowy świątyni stanął ks. Piotr Kisarzewski, a istotną rolę w powstaniu kościoła odegrał adwokat Aleksander Kwiatkowski, lider charkowskich Polaków. Opublikowane w artykule źródła archiwalne mogą stać się przyczynkiem do dalszych badań, prowadzonych w ramach różnych dyscyplin naukowych.