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5 Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

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Jazykový management a teorie jazykového managementu: úvodní poznámky

100%

Nekvapil J. , Sherman T.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

2014

tom 75

nr 4

245-254

Against the background of various linguistic and non-linguistic fields of study, we present an initial definition of the concept of language management as an activity focused on any aspect of language or communication or on language or communication as a whole. We explain the position of Language Management Theory (LMT) as a sociolinguistic theory in relation to varying paradigms of language policy and planning. In this context, the theory’s historical origins, which extend back to the collaborative work of J. V. Neustupný and B. H. Jernudd beginning in the 1960s, are elucidated. We summarize the reflection, categorization, and integration of LMT by other authors (R. Baldauf, B. Spolsky, M. Mwaniki and others), and also present critical views of these authors’ work. We then outline the main aspects of LMT: typical contexts in which language is managed, the relationship between simple and organized management, the connection of language, communicative and sociocultural management, and the processual character of management. Finally, we briefly describe the articles contained in the issue, all of which address Central European language problems and at the same time offer considerable theoretical and methodological innovations.

On the process of language problem management

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Lanstyá I.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

2014

tom 75

nr 4

325-351

In this paper, I present an outline of the process of language problem management, which draws on the common elements of various models of the process of problem management in general. Since language problems are just one group of human problems occurring in various domains of life, I reached the conviction that a workable model of language problem management should build on problem management in general, while taking into account the specific features of language problems and language problem management. In considering the specific features of language problem management, I utilize a number of concepts from Language Management Theory.

O historii, teorii a modelech jazykového plánování

80%

Nekvapil J.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

2010

tom 71

nr 1

53-73

The aim of this contribution is to present the development of language planning from the perspective of the central current of western sociolinguistics, i.e. sociolinguistics from the Anglo-American world, in which the concept of language planning was born (as surprising as this statement may be for researchers from post-communist countries). Following Neustupný (2006), I distinguish between four historical types of language planning: “pre-modern”, “early modern”, “modern” and “post-modern”. More or less developed theories of language planning are also characteristic for these types. Language planning as an academic discipline has existed for about fifty years and at least two periods can be distinguished within it: “classic language planning” of the 1960s and 1970s, oriented above all toward the modernization of so-called third world countries, and the newer “ecology paradigm”, emerging from the critique of the previous period and supporting the plurality and diversity of languages in the spirit of postmodernism. I devote particular attention to the “Reversing Language Shift” model (Fishman, 1991), the “Catherine Wheel” model (Strubell, 1999) and Language Management Theory (Jernudd – Neustupný, 1987). The last of these theories places language planning in a broader communicative and sociocultural context than the previous theories of language planning, and it can be expected that, due to its constructive features, its significance will grow.

Management summaries and the follow-up interview in language biography research

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Sherman T. , Homoláč J.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

2014

tom 75

nr 4

294-324

This article’s main aim is to determine the advantages and limits in the utilization of a specifically developed type of follow-up method in combination with language biography interviews. The material consists of a series of language biography interviews conducted in Czech with Vietnamese women in their 20s and 30s who migrated to the Czech Republic as children, and subsequent follow-up interviews. In the language biography interviews, the participants discussed their experiences and problems connected to the acquisition and use of Czech and Vietnamese. In the follow-up interviews, selected passages from the first interviews, above all those containing management summaries (cf. Nekvapil 2004) were played back for the interviewees and their reflections sought. The analysis considers the interactional aspects of the interviewees’ responses as well as the specifics of the additional and/or reformulated management summaries contained within them. The research thus enables the formulation a set of shared language problems experienced and managed (or not) by several members of an increasingly relevant group in the Czech sociolinguistic context. It also confirms that, in the context of the individual language biography, the management summaries do not change significantly over time, rather, that interviewees merely add or leave out individual details.

a2_Díky provedenému výzkumu si lze udělat určitější představu o tom, které managementové souhrny a které typy reakcí na přehrávané ukázky nejpravděpodobněji vedou k elicitaci informací o jazykových problémech a managementových procesech realizovaných multilingvními mluvčími. Nesporným přínosem zvolené metody je pak to, že reakce respondentek představují důležitý korektiv očekávání, se kterými k dané ukázce přistupují sami výzkumníci. Provedený výzkum ukázal také jistá omezení takto pojatého následného interview: a) vzhledem k tomu, že respondentky reagovaly na přehrávané ukázky různě (některé např. upřednostňovaly vyprávění, jiné reagovaly více teprve na doplňující otázky), bylo poměrně nesnadné dosáhnout toho, aby byl zvolený postup konzistentní; b) má-li být respektována diskurzní povaha získaného materiálu, je třeba analyzovat přehrávanou ukázku i reakci jako texty, které navazují na sebe, případně na jiné pasáže obou interview; c) reakce na přehrávanou ukázku je principiálně ovlivněna předcházejícími ukázkami, reakcemi na ně nebo otázkami výzkumníků.

Přechylování příjmení v češtině jako případ jazykového managementu

70%

Kopecký J.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

2014

tom 75

nr 4

271-293

The aim of the present study is to analyse the organized and simple management of the derivation of feminine counterparts from masculine surnames in Czech on the basis of Language Management Theory (LMT). Two aspects of this issue arouse controversies: 1) the use of the masculine forms of surnames instead of feminine derivatives by some Czech women; 2) the legal regulation of surname usage, which allows women to register the masculine forms of surnames only under specific conditions. On the macro-level, the activities of linguistic institutions, register offices and lawmakers are analysed, with special focus on a bill concerning registries, names and surnames, proposed by a group of senators, which would implement the liberalization of the female surname registration. The bill was ultimately rejected by the Czech senate. On the micro-level, online discussions concerned with feminine surnames and related legal aspects are examined, focusing on participants’ noting and evaluation. Different standpoints, argumentation and language ideologies behind the employed arguments are presented. Some theoretical problems of LMT are also discussed, such as the cooperation of different participants during a single language management act, various forms of noting, or the language management approach to legislative processes.