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Cechy Spółdzielni Socjalnej — kierunek zmian ustawodawczych

100%

Kłodnicka A.

Ekonomia. Wrocław Economic Review

2013

tom 19

nr 3

9 - 19

It can be stated that Social Cooperative (SC) is a running-business-activity entity with specific attributes. However, classifi cation of SC as an “entrepreneur” in the meaning of Polish law, is not clear. The author indicates the inconsistency of legislator’s actions concerning the functioning of the SC in the area of business activity. It appears that legislator’s course of action is unclear, and concerned persons (i.e. socially and professionally excluded) have to use a difficult legal form for challenging the market. Despite that fact, thanks to its unique and distinct legal character, it shall fill the gap between welfare state and free-market economy. Because there is no information on business and social effectiveness it is necessary to make an analysis of the main legal obstacles, risks and their effectiveness. Such analysis shall constitute a basis for future legal changes.

Dopuszczalny zakres działania spółki komunalnej

100%

Szczepaniak R.

Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego

2014

tom 23

nr 2

449-472

A municipal company operates most often as a limited liability company or a joint stock company. However, its legal status is characterized by a high degree of originality and it significantly differs from the status of a typical limited or joint stock company. In particular, local government units (in municipalities, counties, or provinces) implement through a municipal company their statutory duties to satisfy the needs of the local community. Therefore, the legal nature of the company is closely linked to the nature of a particular local government unit. A municipal company is an entity with a special purpose. It has been created to achieve specific objectives and the scope of its activities is defined by the law. One may ask the question what legal consequences arise when the company takes legal action, for example, it concludes a contract, beyond the statutory scope of its activity. According to the author this question is complex. In order to answer it interdisciplinary analysis should be carried out taking into account the scientific achievements regarding both the civil and the public law. In conclusion, the author advocates a moderate and cautious solution, taking into consideration the need to respect the principle of legal security. Thus he expresses the view that legal action, such as a contract concluded outside the scope of permissible activities of such companies will be valid. Consequences of another kind, such as administrative and legal sanctions may nonetheless occur

Protection of Female Workers' rights in Employment and Incomes in Vietnam

84%

Nguyen T. H. L. , Pham T. T. , Nguyen T. N. A. , Bui T. T. T. , Nguyen H. T.

Inżynieria Mineralna

2021

tom no. 2

505--512

As an important task of the country's socio-economic development, protecting the rights of female workers in employment and income is concerned and implemented by international organizations and all countries in the world. The COVID-19 pandemic has been affecting the global economy and hurt the incomes and employment of many female workers. In Vietnam nowadays, there is an increase in the unemployment rate of female workers, gender inequality in employment and income, and the ability to secure their jobs and income. The article analyzes the current regulations and their implementation in the employment and income of Vietnamese female workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The article also proposes some recommendations on legal provisions related to training backup jobs, arranging and employing female employees, providing income support for female employees during leave due to the COVID-19 epidemic; and policies related to female workers and their employers. These recommendations will improve Vietnam's labor law on female workers’ rights in employment and income and enhance the efficiency of human resource use and socio-economic development.