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DVA PRÍSTUPY KU KULTIVOVANIU SPISOVNÉHO JAZYKA

100%

Dolník J.

2019

tom 84

nr 2

131 – 143

This paper deals with the opposition between the “natural” and the “artificial” cultivation of the standard language. The author gives arguments in favour of the standpoint that adequate regulation of the standard language requires taking into consideration its character. He defends the thesis about authentic cultivation of this language, i.e. about the “genuin” linguistic activities causing adaptation changes in the language or acting against changes. This cultivation supports the autonomous character of the behavioural linguistic competence, and in this way also the tendency at asserting endogenous linguistic standards. It means the supporting of the development of linguistic activities within the spirit of their rationality and in the name of the expansion of the linguistic comfort in communication life. Such cultivation supports the optimization of the interaction of linguistic behaviour (behavioural linguistic competence) and linguistic activities (action-based linguistic competence), hence the optimal functioning of the intentional-emergent mechanism governing linguistic activities.

'Spentany jezyk' or on substitutions and calques in the language borderland, based on the materials from braslawski region in Belarus

100%

Smulkowa E.

tom 31

283-289

The article is concerning the semantic and structural dependence of the Polish language actually functioning on the Belarussian-Polish-Lithuanian border line on the Belarussian basis and Russian influence. One of the ways to maintain the usage of Polish language under the conditions of considerable limitation of its usage and, at the same time, its knowledge is a phonetic substitution and calquing of Belarussian and Russian vocabulary and a permanent link of words. This opinion is illustrated by examples originating from field research, performed by the present author and her Belarussian coworkers among rural population in the Braslav region in Belarussia. Considered are, among others, such examples as 'spentany jenzyk' (tangled, mixed language) came into being as a result of semantic difference between the Rus. 'putat', sputat' (to mistake), Brus. 'putats', 'sputats' (to mistake and to fetter (to hobble)) and Pol. 'petac', 'spetac' (to fetter); 'pentaniny' ('mixed people', users of tangled language), 'spotykac sie' (to joust in speaking) from Brus. 'spatykatssa' (the same), 'przelot' (a span In the fence), Brus. 'pralet' (the same), 'przymak' (the husband coming to the farm of his wife) and phrase 'w przymaka poszedl' (from Brus. 'paishou u prymaki, paishou u prymy' and others. Encountered in the area examples of difficulties in qualifying the language affiliation of the used lexemes leads the authoress to the conclusion that a tendency is appearing to loose the ability to delimitation of closely related languages functioning on the border line.