Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

UNIFORMNÁ TRANSPARENTNOSŤ VERZUS PRIRODZENOSŤ

100%

Žigo P.

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tom 71

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nr 4

193 – 204

EN

The article points out a need to respect synchronic as well as diachronic aspect in explanatory description of the language system. Generalisations abot the contemporary state of language should have a synthesising character based on detailed knowledge about the reasons of departure from the uniform transparency in paradigms.

2

The relationship between the language and the national identity according to Ukrainian students of Polish origin

100%

Kijewska A.

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tom 39

267-283

EN

The article was written on the basis of the statements made by Ukrainian students of Polish origin recorded between 2001 and 2002. The speakers supported an opinion that was incomprehensible to most of the native speakers of Polish: one neither needs to know the mother tongue of a given nation nor speak it on a regular basis to feel a rightful member of the nation (the knowledge of Polish is not necessary to feel a Pole and, correspondingly, one does not need to speak Ukrainian to feel a Ukrainian). Therefore, contrary to what is generally believed, the language is not an indispensable component of national identity. Such a conclusion can be drawn on the basis of statements concerning the attitude towards Ukrainian in case of students declaring Ukrainian nationality and the attitude towards Polish in case of students declaring Polish nationality. The speakers' opinions on this subject vary depending on where they live in Ukraine. Regardless of that, the language may constitute a welding element for a multinational community. Such is the case with Russian among the Poles from the East studying in Poland though some of the students reject Russian as the national/official language in the country of their origin.

3

FENOMÉN NEPLNOVÝZNAMOVOSTI V JAZYKU

100%

Kačala J.

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nr 3

139 – 148

EN

The author examines auxiliarity on the level of lexical units. He views it like a counterpart to the language units with full lexical meaning and it is placed among the other phenomena of the asymmetrical arrangement of formal and semantic part of language units and signs. The author views auxiliarity as a normal part of the natural language and he sees its place in the sphere of asemantic or empty phenomena in language and on the other hand in the field of zero elements in language.

4

DYNAMIKA JAZYKA A DYNAMIKA TEXTU

80%

Kralčák Ľ.

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nr 5-6

315 – 321

EN

The article deals with the questions of the dynamics of a text in comparison with the dynamics of a language. Nowadays, the understanding of the concept dynamics is not problematic in the linguistics, and it may refer to a broad, historically conducted research. The question is how to understand the dynamics of a text, i. e. if there is any uniting principle which can serve as a support. A more detailed analysis shows that the collocation the dynamics of a text represents three different conceptual understandings: it is the dynamics of a thematic and compositional construction, the particular communicational dynamics, and the historical or development dynamics of a text. Finding of this condition refuses a possibility of defining one universal understanding of this concept.

5

SAMUEL BECKETT AND THE BORDERLINES OF MODERNISM

80%

Chorvathova M.

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nr 1

36-46

EN

The paper is focused on contact points of different paradigms in the works of Samuel Beckett (1906-989). Using the example of his early experimental prose (Murphy, 1938; Watt, 1944), the paper explores Beckett's problematic position in the context of the modernist project and the transition to postmodernism: the overlapping/fading of modernist optimism (the effort to erase the gap between the language and the objects denominates) and the rise of postmodern scepticism (the fundamental inadequacy of the language.

6

DOTYKY NEVÝSLOVNÉHO V ROMÁNOVEJ TVORBE SYLVIE GERMAIN

80%

Rybárová S.

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tom 12

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nr 3

54 – 69

EN

The work of contemporary French writer Sylvie Germain is often compared to a „silent symphony“. Whispered from the depths of being, Germain´s novels resonate with the richness, grandeur and poeticism of the language. Underneath the fetching words, a gentle murmur of the unknown rises. But how to capture the „chant of the end of silence“, that the author refers to in her easy „Les Échos du silence?“ The confrontation with God´s extremely reticent presence becomes the focus of Germain´s fictional characters, as well as impulse for the literary work. This interpretative analysis of selected experts from novels by Sylvie Germain is an attempt to identify typical expressive means of the „ineffable“. The study wants to be not only an illustration of the patient research for the expression of transcendent experience, but also a sincere look a tone particular literary testimony.

7

SONDA DO ŽIVOTA KRAJANOV V ŠPANIELSKU

80%

Barancová M. , Bírová J.

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nr 3

264 – 281

EN

The study focuses on content analysis of structured interviews carried out with Slovaks living in the territory of Spain in order to ascertain the extent of their contact with the mother tongue. The authors offer an overview about the situation of the Slovaks in this territory, present possibilities of forming their associations and approach the situation in which they use their mother tongue, as well as concentrate on the impact of the Spanish on their spoken language.

8

On the Assumptions of the Syntactical-Semantical Description of Natural Languages

80%

Karolak S.

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tom 39

219-228

EN

The article presents a list of assumptions, on which the concept of the syntax with the logical-semantical basics is grounded. In particular, it is stressed that the structure of syntax consists of two components. One component, which is higher in the hierarchy, constitutes a collection of concepts and a collection of the rules for their competitiveness; the second component, which is subordinate to the first one, consists of the collection of expressions/phrases and the rules for their competitiveness. The first component is of a general linguistic nature and the second component is of a specific linguistic nature. The logical-semantical assumptions of the syntax model are presented in detail on the basis of the Polish materials borrowed from the book entitled 'Podstawowe struktury skladniowe jezyka polskiego' (The Basic Syntactical Structures of the Polish Language). They constitute the basis for the project entitled 'Gramatyka konfrontatywna bulgarsko-polska' (The Confrontational Bulgarian-Polish Grammar) and for the international Slavic project entitled 'Skladnia porównawcza jezyków slowianskich drugiej polowy XX wieku' (The Comparative Syntax of the Slavic Languages of the Second Half of the XX Century) carried out at the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences. In accordance with the described syntax model, we have provided the descriptions of specific internal categories of proposal. The said descriptions constitute the semantical category of definiteness/indefiniteness and the semantical category of aspect which constitutes the categorical component of the above-mentioned The Confrontational Bulgarian-Polish Grammar.

9

Granice rozumienia. Istota słowa na podstawie „W drodze do języka” Martina Heideggera

80%

Kula L.

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tom 47

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nr 2

43- 57

EN

Language and word – these notions were among of the most important representations in Heidegger’s thought. Heidegger wanted to find the meanings of these notions and thus join a great tradition, but he also wanted to delve into first philosophy to retrieve lost notions. This investigation focused on language as the differentiating human activity. But he also realized that language was a mystery from beyond anything human, which, nevertheless, needed humans to express itself. In short, I want to explain what is the metaphysical consciousness in this transformation. I argue that it is the examination of fundamental words that will reveal the condition of being human and of being in general.

10

METAFORA V KOGNITÍVNOVEDNOM MODELOVANÍ

80%

Gáliková S.

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tom 3 (20)

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nr 3

28 – 40

EN

There has been an ongoing intensive research of the nature of human mind in contemporary cognitive science. The author ś aim is to point out the role of metaphorical language in the experimental and theoretical mind studies. The analysis subject is to emphasize heuristic and argumentative function of metaphor in models of cognitive science representatives. Viability of this strategy appears by solving problems reaching beyond the imaginary boundaries of disciplines, f.e. reality-fiction, literal-metaphorical, text understanding, the nature of truth etc. putting significance on the function of metaphorical language in art, philosophy and science has become a great challenge for reconsidering traditional approaches to the study of human mind, body and reality.

11

ZÁKLADY EXPLIKACE SÉMANTICKÝCH POJMŮ

80%

Raclavský J.

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2012

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tom 19

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nr 4

488 – 505

EN

It is a truism that semantic concepts (concepts of meaning, denotation, reference and even truth, etc.) are relative to language. I distinguish two their kinds in accordance to their relativity to language L; the relativity is either explicit (“true in L”), or implicit (“trueL”). If language is explicated, the concepts of the former kind can be easily explicated in a plausible way and we resist semantic paradoxes. In the case of the latter concepts, the explication is also accessible and paradox-free. One can find then new interesting facts concerning famous Tarski’s theorem.

12

MOTIVÁCIA V JAZYKU REKLAMY

80%

Lalík I.

Motus in verbo: časopis mladej vedeckej generácie

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2013

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tom 2

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nr 1

75 – 82

EN

The goal of the presented paper is to present general overview of lexical motivation in the language of advertising. It provides short description of the advertising in general and description of its language. The advertising basically contains verbal or visual representation of the advertised product, or the combination of verbal and visual signs that should be in balance and should cooperate to successfully accomplish the aims of advertising – to engage attention of percipients, to arouse their interest in the advertised product, to be memorable and, finally, to sell the product. Besides the visual representation of the advertised product the language of advertisement is very important. The lexical representation of advertising can be motivated in several ways. The paper deals with the selected specific lexical motivations in advertising – semantic/figurative, phraseological, inter-lingual, expressive, sociolectical, territorial and individual motivations. The paper provides general description of the respective motivation and its application to the language of advertisement with a set of specific examples.

13

COGNITIVE-INDIVIDUAL, LINGUISTIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES, AND SYNTACTIC ABILITIES IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE

80%

Stranovská E. , Munková D. , Munk M. , Sarmány-Schuller I.

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tom 55

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nr 4

273 – 287

EN

The research was aimed at finding the measure of influence of cognitive-individual variables (Need for Structure, Ability to Achieve Cognitive Structure, Self-Esteem, Cognitive Style ‘Category Width’), linguistic variables (Verbal Intelligence, Morphology Score), and demographic variables (Study-year, Grade, Living abroad) on syntactic abilities of students studying English language and culture at the Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra. Subsequently, we investigated the relation between syntactic ability and chosen variables. We used the following research methods: PNS Scale (Thompson et al., 1992), AACS (Bar-Tal, 1994), RSES (Rosenberg, 1965), C-W (Pettigrew, 1958), I-S-T (Amthauer, 1953, in Halama, Tomková, 2005), and Syntactic Abilities Test (Užáková et al., 2010). Findings showed a negative correlation between syntactic abilities and Morphology Score, between Study-year, Morphology Score and Grade. A positive correlation was observed between syntactic ability and Verbal Intelligence, and a negative correlation between Verbal Intelligence and Need for Structure. The observed variables explain 34% variability of syntactic ability in foreign language.

14

'BEING-IN-LANGUAGE' AS A MODE OF HUMANS EXPERIENCE LINGUISTIC FOUNDATIONS OF PAUL RICOEUR'S HERMENEUTICS

80%

Wolicka E.

Colloquia Litteraria

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2018

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nr 3

9-19

15

GERMANISMEN ALS EIN UNTRENNBARER BESTANDTEIL DES SLOWAKISCHEN

80%

Vilčeková K.

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tom 4

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nr 2

31 – 43

EN

The main topic of this contribution is germanisms which used to be, or still are, used in the Slovak language. The first part clarifies the notion of language contact, which is the basis of the formation of germanisms (and other transposed words). The next chapters show particular examples of germanisms, divided according to a variety of aspects – the semantic aspect, the Slovak dialects aspect, temporal and geographic aspect and finally the aspect of various language levels. The conclusion describes the possibilities and assets of the usage of germanisms in the teaching process of German language in schools.

16

MODEL JAZYKA V SYNCHRONNÍM A DIACHRONNÍM SMYSLU

80%

Raclavský J.

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tom 72

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nr 2

140 – 153

EN

Language can be modelled in various ways, highlighting either its social or systemic character. The author assumes that language is a normative phenomenon enabling speakers to communicate. At any particular time language is used, however, we are capable of determining the function which maps the expressions produced using this language to their meanings. In this contribution the author proposes a functional model of language in a synchronic sense. This model also resolves various complications with ambivalence, etc. Further, he also proposes a model of language in a diachronic sense as a function from possible worlds and time instants to languages in a synchronic sense. Thus the intuitive idea of language as a changing entity is captured. Both models are constructed to be the tools serving mainly the investigation of semantic properties of expressions of that language.

17

NERIEŠITEĽNÝ PROBLÉM UNIVERZALIZMU V TUGENDHATOVEJ ANTROPOLÓGII

80%

Muránsky M.

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tom 72

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nr 10

800 – 812

EN

The article draws on Tugendhat’s idea of the twofold character of truth resulting from the twofold structure of self-conciousness. When asking the question Who is a person?, there is always our implicit self-evidence present. And from Kant on we also ask explicit questions, such as How do we want to understand ourselves? And What is better for us? This articulation of the problem – a product of Enlightenment – involves a rejection of the traditionally shared truth about a person. Therefore, Tugendhat’s project includes the transformation of an implicitly valid universe of meaning into explicitly justified positions. Wittgenstein’s arguing that when thematising the limits of language we cannot transcend these limits is used to show that Tugendhat’s efforts to explicitly articulate the universal structure of understanding of the concept of a human being as a whole does have its implicitly shared cultural determinations, too.

18

Sociolingvistická situace v Galicii

80%

Pickova L.

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tom 89

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nr 1

1-12

EN

Galicia is in the far north-west of the Iberian peninsula. It was an independent kingdom, until the mid-14th century, was Galician the language of the whole society. Since it had no native nobility or bourgeoisie, Galicia fell under permanent Castilian domination in the 13th century, with a significant influence on the use of the Galician, reduced exclusively for a private life in rural areas. In the 1950s begun the expansion of the education system and of the Castilian-language media, facilitated the generalized penetration of Castilian. Since 1981 it has possessed the status of an autonomous community within Spain. The autonomous government (Xunta) adopted a number of measures designed to promote the knowledge and use of Galician, but the effectiveness of the measures of Xunta is often questioned.

19

Zázrak rozumění?

80%

Macurova A. , Vankova I.

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tom 54

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nr 2-3

113-121

EN

An essay on the relationship between language (mother tongue) and the human subject and its existence. It develops ideas of the Prague School of structural literary analysis (in particular, those of Bohumil Trnka, Vladimir Skalicka, and Jan Mukarovsky), cognitive linguistics, and hermeneutics, employing the concept of cultural competence, including criticism of its state in contemporary Czech society.

20

LANGUAGE AND PROCESS. INGARDEN'S THEORY OF LANGUAGE AND ONTOLOGY

80%

Piwowarczyk M.

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tom 36

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nr 2

37-44

EN

This paper is devoted to Ingarden's discussion of a possible criticism of language that could be presented by philosophers who deny the existence of solid things that endure in time and retain their identity. Such a possible view is called 'antireism'. Antireists could argue that language distorts reality because we use names to denote processes. In doing so we treat them as objects which have the formal structure of subjects of properties. Ingarden replies (1) that each process has a twofold formal structure, that of a totality of still perishing phases and that of a specific object which is being built in those phases; (2) that although the process has the structure of a subject of properties, it cannot be identified with an enduring thing of the same structure because of this specific twofold characteristic; and (3) that the meaning of the name of a process contains its formal content and the moment of existential characteristic projecting the process as different from a thing.